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Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment with RNA Interference as a Cancer Treatment Strategy

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Book cover RNA Interference

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1218))

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment is composed of accessory cells and immune cells in addition to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The stromal compartment interacts with cancer cells in a complex crosstalk to support tumor development. Growth factors and cytokines produced by stromal cells support the growth of tumor cells and promote interaction with the vasculature to enhance tumor progression and invasion. The activation of autocrine and paracrine oncogenic signaling pathways by growth factors, cytokines, and proteases derived from both tumor cells and the stromal compartment is thought to play a major role in assisting tumor cells during metastasis. Consequently, targeting tumor–stroma interactions by RNA interference (RNAi)-based approaches is a promising strategy in the search for novel treatment modalities in human cancer. Recent advances in packaging technology including the use of polymers, peptides, liposomes, and nanoparticles to deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into target cells may overcome limitations associated with potential RNAi-based therapeutics. Newly developed nonviral gene delivery approaches have shown improved anticancer efficacy suggesting that RNAi-based therapeutics provide novel opportunities to elicit significant gene silencing and induce regression of tumor growth. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the tumor microenvironment and highlights some potential targets for therapeutic intervention with RNAi-based cancer therapeutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Karin Zins, Seyedhossein Aharinejad, Trevor Lucas & Dietmar Abraham

  2. Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Mouldy Sioud

  3. Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, Montebello, Oslo, N-0310, Norway

    Mouldy Sioud

Authors
  1. Karin Zins
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  2. Mouldy Sioud
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  3. Seyedhossein Aharinejad
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  4. Trevor Lucas
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  5. Dietmar Abraham
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mouldy Sioud .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway

    Mouldy Sioud

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Zins, K., Sioud, M., Aharinejad, S., Lucas, T., Abraham, D. (2015). Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment with RNA Interference as a Cancer Treatment Strategy. In: Sioud, M. (eds) RNA Interference. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1218. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1538-5_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1538-5_9

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1537-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1538-5

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