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Industrial Crops pp 191–232Cite as

Cotton Breeding for Fiber Quality Improvement

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 9))

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world’s leading fiber crop, grown or processed in many countries, providing a major contribution to their economies. Yield is economically most important to a producer which drives cultivar development and adoption; however, fiber quality is the primary focus for spinning mills. Cotton fiber quality must improve to remain competitive with synthetics due to increased demands for lightweight casual garments which require longer, stronger, and finer fibers. Improved cotton yields and fiber quality have continued to be realized through science-based plant breeding, particularly in countries and production systems with suitable climate and appropriate management inputs to maximize those improvements. The most significant challenge for cotton breeders has been to combine high yield with improved fiber quality, due to negative associations between yield and quality attributes in G. hirsutum. This chapter highlights practices to enable simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality during conventional breeding. There are adequate genetic resources available for innovative cotton breeders to make more progress, but new tools being offered by modern molecular technologies will achieve those gains more efficiently. Advances in fiber quality science have been made in cotton biotechnology – by improving our understanding of fiber development phases that contribute to fiber quality through gene discovery, genome mapping, and identification of linked molecular markers. Novel biotechnology traits have the potential to improve fiber yield and quality by altering the developmental phase associated with fibers per seed, fiber length, strength, and fineness. Biotechnology tools to facilitate improved conventional breeding through marker-assisted selection are also under development, particularly high-throughput techniques based on single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from next-generation sequencing. There are clearly great opportunities for better integration of conventional breeding and molecular biology, and as new GM traits are developed, a future challenge will be to combine multiple GM traits into elite cultivars. This could be assisted by the judicious use of molecular markers to herald a new age in cotton improvement. Cotton is one of the pioneer crops for the introduction of genetically modified (GM) insect and herbicide resistance, with about 80 % of global cotton being GM by 2012. That experience of research and deployment of these first-generation GM traits provides the foundation for development and exploitation of GM novel fiber property traits in the future.

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Abbreviations

AFIS:

Advanced Fiber Information System

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms

AOSCA:

Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies

BAC:

Bacterial Artificial Chromosome

CesA:

Cellulose synthase A

CS-B:

Chromosome substitution

CSIRO:

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia)

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

dpa:

Days post anthesis

eQTL:

Expression quantitative trait loci

FMT:

Fineness and maturity tester

GBS:

Genotype-by-sequencing

GM:

Genetically modified

GS:

Genomic selection

HD:

Homeodomain

HVI:

High volume instrumentation

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

ISTA:

International Seed Testing Association

KAP61R:

Keratin-associated protein

KASPar:

KBioscience competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay

MABC:

Marker-assisted backcrossing

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

MYB:

V-Myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

NIL:

Near-isogenic line

OECD:

Organisation for Economic and Co-operation and Development

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyrate

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RAD-Seq:

Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing

RAPD:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

RIL:

Recombinant inbred line

RNAi:

RNA (ribonucleic acid) interference

SCW:

Secondary cell wall

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

SSCA:

Southern Seed Certification Association

SSR:

Simple sequence repeats

SusA1:

Sucrose synthase A1

TILLING:

Targeting induced local lesions in genomes

TM-1:

Texas marker-1

XTH:

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase

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  1. Agriculture Flagship of Plant Industry, CSIRO, Narrabri, NSW, Australia

    Greg Constable & Jenny D. Clement

  2. Agriculture Flagship of Plant Industry, CSIRO, Acton, ACT, Australia

    Danny Llewellyn & Sally Ann Walford

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Constable, G., Llewellyn, D., Walford, S.A., Clement, J.D. (2015). Cotton Breeding for Fiber Quality Improvement. In: Cruz, V.M.V., Dierig, D.A. (eds) Industrial Crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1447-0_10

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