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Human Herpesviruses: Varicella and Herpes Zoster

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Viral Infections of Humans

Abstract

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes two clinically distinct diseases in humans. Varicella (or chickenpox), which results from primary infection of a susceptible individual, is a common, extremely contagious, and usually benign acute illness that occurs in seasonal epidemics and is characterized by a generalized vesicular rash. Like all herpesviruses, VZV establishes latency following primary infection. Reactivation of latent VZV results in herpes zoster (or shingles), a localized cutaneous eruption in a dermatomal distribution that occurs most commonly among elderly individuals. Thus, varicella results from primary exogenous contact with VZV, while herpes zoster represents reactivation of latent VZV that usually occurs decades after the primary infection. Both varicella and herpes zoster can cause serious morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. Both manifestations of VZV can now be prevented through the use of vaccines containing live, attenuated virus.

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  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Room 1207 MSC 752, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    John W. Gnann Jr. MD

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  1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Richard A. Kaslow

  2. Departmant of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA

    Lawrence R. Stanberry

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

    James W. Le Duc

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Gnann, J.W. (2014). Human Herpesviruses: Varicella and Herpes Zoster . In: Kaslow, R., Stanberry, L., Le Duc, J. (eds) Viral Infections of Humans. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_42

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