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Gene Therapy

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Immunology of HIV Infection

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Abstract

Therapeutic strategies for intervening in HIV disease currently include antiretroviral therapy, treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections, antitumor therapy, immuno-modulator therapy, and immunologic restoration using the immune-based therapies described in this book. There are, however, some significant practical and theoretical difficulties with available antiretroviral agents. Although mortality and frequency of opportunistic infections are reduced in patients taking zidovudine, a complete and sustained improvement in immune status has not been achieved (Fischl et al., 1989). In addition, frequent toxic effects prevent many individuals from tolerating these drugs for extended periods (Richman et al., 1987). Recent in vitro evidence of retroviral resistance has also been presented, although the clinical importance of this is as yet unknown (Larder et al., 1989). In hopes of increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity, studies are now under way examining the potential role of combination therapies for HIV infection (Fauci, 1992). Such approaches include combined therapy with two or more agents from the same class [e. g., reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors] or from distinct classes with different mechanisms of action (e. g., RT inhibitors plus immunomodulators). Despite the major advances in treating HIV disease that have occurred in the past 5 years, it is clear that the need is still great for more efficacious, less toxic therapies with novel mechanisms of action. It is therefore important to explore and develop new modalities for the treatment of this deadly disease. Gene therapy, defined as the introduction of new genetic material into cells of an individual with resulting therapeutic benefit to the individual, may be an effective treatment for a variety of disorders (Anderson, 1984; Morgan and Anderson, 1993). Since HIV integrates itself into the host’s genome, AIDS can be considered an “acquired genetic disease” and thus potentially amenable to treatment using gene therapy.

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  1. Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Richard A. Morgan

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  1. University of California, Irvine, California, USA

    Sudhir Gupta M.D., Ph.D.

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Morgan, R.A. (1996). Gene Therapy. In: Gupta, S. (eds) Immunology of HIV Infection. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0191-0_30

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0191-0_30

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