Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Animal Sonar Systems pp 11–41Cite as

Behavioral Methodology in Echolocation by Marine Mammals

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series ((ASIAS,volume 28))

Abstract

Despite the fact that a preponderance of the investigations dealing with echolocation by marine mammals has been done with intact animals performing some characteristic behavior, only a single paper written some fifteen years ago (Turner, 1964) has ever dealt in any profound way with problems of behavioral methodology. The 1964 paper by R. N. Turner addressed itself primarily to conditioned responses and included response measures, techniques of target or signal presentation, threshold measurement and reinforcement contingencies. When Turner’s paper was published, there had only been a few pioneering studies done on porpoise echolocation and hearing, and by today’s standards, these studies were, for the most part, relatively unsophisticated. A recent Russian publication (Lekomtsev and Titov, 1974) attempted to update Turner’s work, but in reality the paper served primarily to highlight Russian behavioral procedures to the study of porpoise sonar abilites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aronsohn, S, Castillo, O., and Pinto-Hamuy, T., 1978, Fading procedure effects on a visual pattern discrimination reversal in the albino rat, Anim. Learn. and Behav., 6:72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Au, W. W. L., Floyd, R. W., and Haun, J. E., 1978, Propagation of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin echolocation signals, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 64:411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Au, W. W. L., and Hammer, C., 1979, Target recognition via echo-location by Tursiops truncatus, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Au, W. W. L., Schusterman, R. J., and Kersting, D. A., 1979, Sphere-cylinder discrimination via echolocation by Tursiops truncatus, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayrapet’yants, E. Sh., Golubkov, A. G., Yershova, I. V., Zhezherin, A. R., Zvorkin, V. N., and Korollev, V. I., 1969, Echo-location differentiation and characteristics of radiated pulses in dolphins, Report of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 188:1197 (English translation JPRS 49479).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayrapet’yants, E. Sh., Voronov, V. A., Ivanenko, Y. V., Ivanov, M. P., Ordovskii, D. L., Sergeev, B. F., and Chilingiris, V. I., 1973, The physiology of the sonar system of Black Sea dolphins, J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol., 9:364. (English translation JPRS 60298).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagdonas, A., Bel’kovich, V. M., and Krushinskaya, N. L., 1970, Interaction of analyzers in dolphins during discrimination of geometrical figures under water, J. Higher Neural Act., 20:1070 (English translation in: “A Collection of Trans-lations of Foreign Language Papers on the Subject of Biological Sonar Systems”, K. J. Diercks, 1974, ed., Applied Research Laboratories, U. of Texas, Austin, Tech. Rept. 74–9).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barta, R. E., 1969, Acoustical pattern discrimination by an Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, unpublished manuscript, Naval Undersea Center, San Diego, Ca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M., Borisov, V. I., Gurevich, V. S., 1970, Angular resolution by echolocation in Delphinus delphis, in: “Proceedings of Scientific Technical Conference, Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education RSFSR, Leningrad” (English translation in: “A Collection of Translations of Foreign Language Papers on the Subject of Biological Sonar Systems”, K. J. Diercks, 1974, ed., Applied Research Laboratories, U. of Texas, Austin, Tech. Rept. 74–9).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blough, D. and Blough, P., 1978, Animal psychophysics, in: “Handbook of Operant Behavior”, W. K. Honig and J. E. R. Staddon, eds., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busnel, R.-G., and Dziedzic, A., 1967, Resultats métrologiques expérimentaux de l’écholocation chez le Phocoena phocoena et leur comparaison avec ceux de certaines chauves-souris, in: “Animal Sonar Systems, Biology and Bionics”, R.-G. Busnel, ed., Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busnel, R.-G., Dziedzic, A., and Andersen, S., 1965, Seuils de perception du système sonar du Marsouin Phocoena phocoena, en fonction du diamètre d’un obstacle filiforme, C. R. Acad. Sci., 260:295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovskiy, N. A. and Krasnov, P. S., 1971, Discrimination of elastic spheres according to material and size by the bottle-nose dolphin, Trudy Akusticheskogo Institute, 17, as cited in: Bel’kovich, V. M., and Dubrovskiy, N. A., 1976, “Sensory Bases of Cetacean Orientation”, Nauka, Leningrad (English translation JPRS L/7157.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovskiy, N. A., Krasnov, P. S., and Titov, A. A., 1971, On the question of the emission of ultrasonic ranging signals by the common porpoise, Akusticheskiy Zhurnal, 16:521 (English translation JPRS 52291).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dziedzic, A., and Alcuri, G., 1979, Variations in characteristics of the pulsed emissions of a T. truncatus during the approach process and acoustic identification of different polygonal shapes, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. E., and Powell, B. A., 1967, Discrimination of different metallic plates by an echolocating delphinid, in: “Animal Sonar Systems, Biology and Bionics”, R.-G. Busnel, ed., Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., 1961, Production of polydipsia in normal rats by an intermittent food schedule, Science, 133:195.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., 1969, Conditions producing psychogenic polydipsia in animals, Ann. N, Y. Acad. Sci., 157:569.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., 1971, The nature and determinants of adjunctive behavior, Physiol. and Behavior, 6:577.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galanter, E., 1962, Contemporary psychophysics, in: “New Directions in Psychology”, Holt, Rinehard, and Winston, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. M., and Swets, J. A., 1966, “Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics”, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, D. R., and Galambos, R., 1941, The sensory basis of obstacle avoidance by flying bats, J. Exp. Zool., 86:481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurevich, V. S., 1969, Echolocation discrimination of geometric figures in the dolphin, Delphinus delphis, Moscow, Vestnik Moskovskoga Universiteta, Biologiya, Pochovedeniye, 3:109. (Translation JPRS 49281).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, C. E., 1978, Echo-recognition in the porpoise (Tursiops truncatus): An experimental analysis of salient target characteristics, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, Tech. Rep. 192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. S., 1967, Discussion to paper by Evans and Powell, in: “Animal Sonar Systems, Biology and Bionics”, R.-G. Busnel, ed., Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. S., 1967, Sound detection thresholds in marine mammals, in: “Marine Bio-Acoustics, Proc. of the Second Symposium on Marine Bio-Acoustics, New York”, W. N. Tavolga, ed., Pergamon Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N., 1953, Ultrasonic hearing in the porpoise, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 46:446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N., 1960, Auditory scanning in the dolphin, Psych. Rec, 10:25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N., and Kohler, R., Responses of the porpoise to ultrasonic frequencies, Science, 116:250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinov, A. I., and Akhmarova, N. I., 1968, Object discrimination with the aid of echolocation by bats (Myotis oxygnathus), Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly, Biol. Naak., 11:22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lekomtsev, V. M., and Titov, A. A., 1974, Procedures for studying the echolocation apparatus of dolphins, Bionika, 8:83, (Translation JPRS 63492).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackintosh, N. J., 1974, “The Psychology of Learning”, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murchison, A. E., 1979, “Maximum Detection Range and Range Resolution in Echolocating Tursiops truncatus (Montague)”, Ph. D. Dissertation, U. of Calif. at Santa Cruz, Ca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachtigall, P. E., Murchison, A. E., and Au W. W. L., Cylinder and cube shape discrimination by an echolocating blind-folded bottlenose dolphin, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penner, R. H., 1977, Paired simultaneous echo ranging by Tursiops truncatus, Proc. (Abstracts) 2nd Conf. on the Bio. of Mar. Mammals, 2:38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penner, R. H., and Kadane, J., 1979, Tursiops biosonar detection in noise, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penner, R. H., and Murshison, A. E., 1970, Experimentally demonstrated echolocation in the Amazon river porpoise Inia geoffrensis (Blainville), Proc. 7th Ann. Conf. Bio. Sonar and Diving Mammals, 7:17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., 1965, Errorless reversal learning in a California sea lion, Proc. A. Conf. Am. Psychol. Ass., 73(1): 139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., 1967, Perception and determinants of underwater vocalization in the California sea lion, in: “Animal Sonar Systems, Biology and Bionics”, R.-G. Busnel, ed., Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., 1974, Low false-alarm rates in signal detection by marine mammals, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 55:845.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schustermnan R. J., 1976, California sea lion auditory detection and variation of reinforcement schedules, J. Acoust Soc. Am., 59:997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., Barrett, B., and Moore, P. W. B., 1975, Detection of underwater signals by a California sea lion and a bottlenose porpoise: variation in the payoff matrix, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 57:1526.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., Johnson, B. W., 1975, Signal probability and response bias in California sea lions, Psych. Rec, 25:39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., and Kersting, D., 1978, Selective attention in discriminative echolocation by the porpoise (Tursiops truncatus), Paper read at the Animal Behavior Society Annual Meeting, June 19–23, U. of Wash., Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J., Kersting, D. A., and Au, W. W. L., 1979, Stimulus control of echolocation pulses in Tursiops truncatus, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scronce, B. L., and Ridgway, S. H., 1979, Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus: echolocation not demonstrated, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, J. A., and Vernon, J. A., 1971, Echolocation: discrimination of targets by the bat, Eptesicus fuscus, J. Exp. Zool., 176:315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F., 1961, “Cumulative Record”, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Staddon, J. E. R., 1978, Schedule-induced behavior, in: “Handbook of Operant Behaviour”, W. K. Honig and J. E. R. Staddon, eds., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staddon, J. F. R., and Simmelhag, V. L., 1971, The “superstition” experiment: A re-examination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior, Psychol. Rev., 78:3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, W. C. (ed.), 1970, “Animal Psychophysics”, Prentice-Hall, Englewood, N. J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Supin, A. Ya., Sukhoruchenko, M. N., 1970, The determination of auditory threshold on Phocoena phocoena by the method of skin-galvanic reaction (Russian), Trudy Akousticheskogi Inst., 12:194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suthers, R. A., 1965, Acoustic orientation by fish-catching bats, J. Exp. Zool., 158:319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swets, J. A., 1973, The relative operating characteristic in psychology, Science, 182:990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Titov, A. A., 1975, Recognition of spherical targets by the bottlenose dolphin in the presence of sonic interference, in: “Marine Mammals, Proceedings of the Sixth All-Union Conference on the Study of Marine Mammals”, G. B. Agarkov, ed., Naukova Dumka, Kiev (English translation JPRS L/6049).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. N., 1964, Methodological problems in the study of behavior, in: “Marine Bio-Acoustics”, W. N. Tavolga, ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. N., and Norris, K. S., 1966, Discriminative echolocation in a porpoise, J. of the Exp. Anal. of Ben., 9:535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology and Biology, California State University, Hayward, California, 94542, USA

    Ronald J. Schusterman

Authors
  1. Ronald J. Schusterman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Jouy-en-Josas, France

    René-Guy Busnel

  2. Sonatech, Inc., Goleta, California, USA

    James F. Fish

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schusterman, R.J. (1980). Behavioral Methodology in Echolocation by Marine Mammals. In: Busnel, RG., Fish, J.F. (eds) Animal Sonar Systems. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 28. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7254-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7254-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7256-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7254-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation