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Evolution of Avian Ontogenies

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Book cover Current Ornithology

Part of the book series: Current Ornithology ((CUOR,volume 10))

Abstract

Avian hatchlings display remarkable differences in their external appearance, activity, and behavior. At the one extreme we find independent hatchlings (Fig. 1a), which locomote actively and feed themselves independently; in the case of the moundbuilders (megapodes), the young birds have no contact at all with their parents. At the other extreme are helpless, embryolike hatchlings (Fig. 1b) that are bound to the nest for some time after hatching and that depend completely on parental care. In nature, there is a wide spectrum of avian hatchlings from the precocial extreme to the altricial extreme. This spectrum is unevenly occupied, with most species found in the altricial groups. For comparative purpose, avian hatchlings are described with reference to their external appearance, motor activity, locomotion patterns, feeding behavior, capability of endothermy, parental feeding behavior, parental attendance, and developmental stage of tissue maturation, for example, natal down, sense organs, muscle, and brain. Avian hatchlings also differ in their postnatal growth rate. Altricial birds grow about three to four times more rapidly than precocial birds of the same body size (KG values, rate constants of Gompertz sigmoidal equations fitted to growth curves; Ricklefs, 1979a,b).

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  1. Zoologisches Institut, Eberhard Karls-Universität, Tübingen, D-7400, Tübingen 1, Germany

    Dr. J. M. Starck

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  1. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA

    Dennis M. Power

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Starck, J.M. (1993). Evolution of Avian Ontogenies. In: Power, D.M. (eds) Current Ornithology. Current Ornithology, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9582-3_6

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