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Evolutionary Rates under Environmental Stress

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Book cover Evolutionary Biology

Abstract

A debate in evolution has arisen due to the contention by some that macroevolutionary patterns cannot be totally explained from an understanding of microevolutionary patterns. A theory of punctuated change has been put forward to explain the observation that much evolutionary change as assessed morphologically occurs in rapid bursts, with such punctuational events separated by long periods during which observable morphological change is small to nonexistent (Eldredge and Gould, 1972; Stanley, 1979). A decoupling of macroevolutionary and microevolutionary events is not, however, supportable on genetic grounds (Charlesworth et al., 1982; Mayr, 1982; Turner, 1982; Parsons, 1983a). A leading genetic question therefore concerns the interpretation of the rapid bursts. The underlying emphasis of this chapter is that environmental stresses are of major importance for any consideration of evolutionary rates in particular periods of rapid change.

It should always be remembered, that in most cases the checks are recurrent yearly in a small, regular degree, and in an extreme degree during unusually cold, hot, dry, or wet years, according to the contribution of the being in question. (Darwin, in Darwin and Wallace, 1859)

What is needed, at the present stage of our understanding of evolution, is not so much a greater elaboration of formal theories of quantitative and population genetics, or even more analyses of wild populations in terms of genetics divorced from their ecology. What we need is more knowledge about the ways in which populations, in fact, meet evolutionary challenges. (Waddington, 1965)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia

    P. A. Parsons

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  1. Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA

    Max K. Hecht

  2. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Bruce Wallace

  3. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA

    Ghillean T. Prance

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© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

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Parsons, P.A. (1987). Evolutionary Rates under Environmental Stress. In: Hecht, M.K., Wallace, B., Prance, G.T. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6986-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6986-2_10

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