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Plant-microbe Interactions 2 pp 61–98Cite as

Avirulence Genes

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Abstract

Plants of today have survived the ebb and flow of countless disease epidemics. The survival of plants depends on their ability to resist marauding pathogens, while at the same time, a pathogen’s success hinges on its ability to either avoid recognition or to overcome the resistance mechanisms of the plant. This adaption process between plants and pathogens undoubtedly was accelerated in crop species by farmers who selected, either by choice or fate, those individual plants that best withstood the ravages of disease. In spite of the selection imposed by co-evolution, populations or individuals of the host exist that do not resist the pathogen and populations of the pathogen exist that do not elicit resistance in the host. Genetic analyses of the variation within host and pathogen populations led to the formulation of the gene-for-gene hypothesis.1,2 This hypothesis predicts that resistance (or incompatibility) is governed by the interaction of single, and for the most part, dominant host resistance (R) genes with corresponding pathogen genes called avirulence (avr) genes. Any R gene and avr gene combination that leads to resistance results in an incompatible interaction. Correspondingly, combinations that do not lead to resistance represent compatible host/pathogen interactions and provide the opportunity for disease.

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  1. Jan E. Leach
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  2. Frank F. White
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, USA

    Gary Stacey

  2. Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, USA

    Gary Stacey

  3. Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Noel T. Keen

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Leach, J.E., White, F.F. (1997). Avirulence Genes. In: Stacey, G., Keen, N.T. (eds) Plant-microbe Interactions 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6053-1_3

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