Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acetylation of Lignin and Photostabilization of Lignin-Rich Mechanical Wood Pulp and Paper

  • Chapter
Chemical Modification, Properties, and Usage of Lignin

Abstract

Enhanced production and efficient utilization of lignocellulosic products are issues of critical importance to both industry and society. Benefits from the manufacture of mechanical wood pulp include high yield and low cost. During the past decade, mechanical pulping processes have been developed that can produce high-performance pulps at significantly lower capital and operating costs compared with kraft pulping. Although the production of mechanical pulp is environmentally benign, the use of mechanical pulps is restricted severely by their tendency to undergo color reversion (yellowing) upon exposure to daylight and/or long-term storage at ambient temperatures. This discoloration is cited as the principal reason for limited commercial applications of mechanical wood pulps in high-quality printing papers (Cockram, 1989; Ford and Sharman, 1996).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, E., Hernestam, S., and Walldén, I., 1958, Estimation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin, Sven. Papperstidn. 61(18B): 641.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, U.P. and McSweeny, J.D., 1995, Photoyellowing of thermomechanical pulps: looking beyond alpha carbonyl and ethylenic groups as the initiating structures, 8th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem., Helsinki, Finland, June 6–9, Vol. 1, 435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, U.P., Atalla, R.H., and Forsskåhl, I., 1995, Sequential treatment of mechanical and chemimechanical pulps with light and heat: a Raman spectroscopic study, Holzforschung 49(4): 300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, U.P., 1998, Assignment of the photoyellowing-related 1675 cm-l Raman/IR band to p-quinones and its implications to the mechanism of color reversion in mechanical pulps, J. Wood Chem. Technol., 18(4):381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, U.P., 1999, On the importance of hydroquinone/p-quinone redox system in the photoyellowing of mechanical pulps, 10th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem., Yokohama, Japan, June 7–10, Vol. 1, 694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, U.P., McSweeny, J.D., and Ralph, S.A., 1999, An FT-Raman study of softwood, hardwood, and chemically modified black spruce MWLs, 10th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem., Yokohama, Japan, June 7–10, Vol. 2, 136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, D.H. and DesRosiers, P., 1966, The influence of wood components on the bleach response of jack pine groundwood to peroxide, Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 67(C): T119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyropoulos, D.S., Heitner, C., and Schmidt, J.A., 1995, Observation of quinonoid groups during the light-induced yellowing of softwood mechanical pulp, Res. Chem. Intermed. 9(3–5): 263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, R., Beijer, P., and Podd, B., 1999, Wet strengthening of paper, in: Papermaking Chemistry, L. Neimo, ed., Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 288–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bletzinger, J.C., 1943, Effect of acetylation on water-binding properties of cellulose rag stock, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35(4): 474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callow, H.J., 1947, Action of light upon jute, Nature 159(4035): 309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callow, H.J. and Speakman, J.B., 1949, The action of light on jute, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 65(12): 758.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callow, H.J., 1951, Acetylation of cellulose and lignin in jute fibers, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 28(11): 605.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callow, H.J., 1952, Acetylation of jute, J. Text. Inst. 43(8): T423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castellon, A., Nourmamode, A., Noutary, C., and Lachenal, D., 1992, Improvement of the photostability of peroxide bleached chemithermomechanical pulps using cationic phase transfer catalyst and hydroxyl blocking agents, Cellul. Chem. Technol. 26(4): 451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellon, A., Nourmamode, A., Jaeger, C., and Forsskåhl, I., 1993, Photochemistry of methoxy-pbenzoquinone and methoxyhydroquinone in solid 2-hydroxypropylcellulose films and on filter paper: UV/Vis absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 8(2): 239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S.-T. and Chang, H.-T., 2000, Improved lightfastness of wood by esterification, 6th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp, Bordeaux, France, September 3–6, 257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockram, R.A., 1989, CTMP in fine papers. Int. Mech. Pulp. Conf, Helsinki, Finland, June 6–8, Vol. 1, 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, R.S., 1996, The photodegradation of some naturally occurring polymers, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B: 33(1): 3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, B.S.E., Cowan, F.J., Uprichard, J.M., Cronshaw, D.R., and Coombridge, B.A., 1995, Chemical treatment of Pinus radiata against photoyellowing, Surf. Coat. Aug. 32(10): 16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunningham, E.A., Plackett, D.V., and Singh, A.P., 1992, Weathering of chemically modified wood. Natural weathering of acetylated radiata pine: Preliminary results, Holz Roh- Werkst. 50(11):429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ek, M., Lennholm, H., Lindblad, G., and Iversen, T., 1992, A study on the mechanism of the photo-yellowing of partially acetylated groundwood pulps, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 7(3): 108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feist, W.C., Rowell, R.M., and Youngquist, J.A., 1991, Weathering and finish performance of acetylated aspen fiberboard, Wood Fiber Sci. 23(2): 260.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finley, K.T., 1974, The addition and substitution chemistry of quinones, in: The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds, S. Patai, ed., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Bristol, England, pp. 877–1144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, M.J. and Sharman, P.M., 1996, HYH spells a good deal for the future, Pulp Pap. Int. 38(10): 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman, L.V., 1940, Action of ultraviolet light on lignin, Pap. Trade J. 111(24): 266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsskåhl, I., Gustafsson, J., and Nybergh, A., 1981, The photochemical discolouration of methoxy-p-benzoquinone in solution, Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. B: 35(6): 389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsskåhl, I., 2000, Brightness reversion, in: Forest Products Chemistry, P. Sterns, ed., Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 278–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellerstedt, G. and Pettersson, E.-L., 1975, Light-induced oxidation of lignin. The behaviour of structural units containing a ring-conjugated double bond, Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. B: 29(10): 1005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gellerstedt, G. and Agnemo, R., 1980, The reactions of lignin with alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Part V. The formation of stilbenes, Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. B: 34(6): 461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gellerstedt, G. and Zhang, L., 1992, Formation and reactions of leucochromophoric structures in high yield pulping, J. Wood Chem. Technol. 12(4): 387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gellerstedt, G. and Zhang, L., 1993, Formation of leucochromophores during high-yield pulping and H2O2 bleaching, in: Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials, C. Heitner and J.C. Scaiano, eds., ACS Symposium Series 531, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 129–146.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gierer, J. and Lin, S.Y., 1972, Photodegradation of lignin. A contribution to the mechanism of chromophore formation, Sven. Papperstidn. 75(7): 233.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giertz, H.W., 1945, Om massans eftergulning, Sven. Papperstidn. 48(13): 317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goheen, G.E., 1958, Chemical reactions of fibrous cellulose, Tappi 41(12): 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratzl, J.S., 1985, Lichtinduzierte Vergilbung von Zellstoffen — Ursachen and Verhütung, Papier 39(10A): V14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hague, M.N. and Hill, C.A.S., 2000, Chemical modification of model compounds, wood flour and fibre with acetic anhydride, J. Inst. Wood Sci. 15(3): 109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J.J., 1944, Effect of esterification of pulp fibers upon strength properties, hygroscopicity, and hygroexpansivity of paper, Pap. Trade J 119(5): 28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heitner, C. and Min, T., 1987, The effect of sulphite treatment on the brightness and bleachability of chemithermomechanical pulp, Cellul. Chem. Technol. 21(3): 289.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heitner, C., 1993, Light-induced yellowing of wood-containing papers. An evolution of the mechanism, in: Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials, C. Heitner and J.C. Scaiano, eds., ACS Symposium Series 531, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 2–25.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Heitner, C., Manley, R.St.J., Ahvazi, B., and Wang, J., 1999, The effect of acetylation on the photodegradation of lignin, 10th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem., Yokohama, Japan, June 7–10, Vol. 1, 728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herdle, L.E. and Griggs, W.H., 1965, Partially acetylated cellulose — its properties and potential applications, Tappi 48(7), 103A.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirashima, H. and Sumimoto, M., 1987, Fundamental properties of mechanical pulp lignins II. Behaviors of coniferyl aldehyde type structures in pulp lignin, Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33(1): 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirashima, H. and Sumimoto, M., 1994, A basic chromophore and leucochromophore in mechanical pulps: possible repetition of photochemical reduction-oxidation-reduction, Tappi J. 77(1): 146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirashima, H. and Sumimoto, M., 1996, Fundamental properties of mechanical pulp lignins IV. Photostabilization of H2O2-bleached mechanical pulp sheets, Mokuzai Gakkaishi 42(5): 506.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmbom, B., Ekman, R., and Eckerman, C., 1992, Degradation products formed during light and heat treatment of spruce groundwood, J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 18(4): J146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hon, D.N.-S., 1995, Stabilization of wood color: is acetylation blocking effective?, Wood Fiber Sci. 27(4):360.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, T.Q., Cairns, G.R., and James, B.R., 2000, Removal of phenolic hydroxyl groups and its effect on photostability, Holzforschung 54(2): 127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, K., Adachi, Y., Tsubota, H., Oki, T., and Tachibana, S., 1997, Studies on biological treatment of mechanical pulps (IX). Effect of phenolic hydroxyl groups in mechanical pulps on depression of color reversion of mechanical pulps, Jpn. Tappi J. 51(7): 1090.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janson, J. and Forsskåhl, I., 1989, Color changes in lignin-rich pulps on irradiation by light, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J 4(3):1 97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinga, L.O., Tarkow, H., and Back, E.L., 1965, Dimensional stabilization of hardboard by combined acetylation and heat treatment, Sven. Papperstidn. 68(17): 583.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinga, L.O. and Back, E.L., 1966, Wet strengthening of paper by partial acetylation. A new wet strengthening method, Sven. Papperstidn. 69(3):64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinga, L.O. and Tarkow, H., 1966, Dimensional stabilization of hardboard by acetylation, Tappi 49(1): 23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kringstad, K., 1969, Degradation of wood and high-yield pulps by light, Tappi 52(6): 1070.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kringstad, K.P., 1973, Einige mögliche Reaktionen in der lichtinduzierten Degradierung von ligninreichen Hochausbeutezellstoffen, Papier 27(10A): 462.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, Y.-Z., Guo, X.-P., and Situ, W., 1990, Estimation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in wood by a periodate oxidation method, J Wood Chem. Technol. 10(3): 365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leary, G.J., 1968, The yellowing of wood by light: Part II, Tappi 51(6): 257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leary, G.J., 1994, Recent progress in understanding and inhibiting the light-induced yellowing of mechanical pulps, J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 20(6): J154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebo, S.E., Lonsky, W.F.W., McDonough, T.J., Medvecz, P.J., and Dimmel, D.R., 1990, The occurrence and light-induced formation of ortho-quinonoid lignin structures in white spruce refiner mechanical pulp, J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 16(5): J139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorås, V., 1968, Bleaching and stabilizing of flash-dried mechanical pulp, Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 69(2): 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manchester, D.F., McKinney, J.W., and Pataky, A.A., 1960, The brightening of groundwood, Sven. Papperstidn. 63(20): 699.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, J.W.W. and Orsler, R.J., 1968, The chemistry of colour changes in wood. I. The significance of stilbenes, Holzforschung 22(1): 11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, T. and Kitaura, S., 1957, Lignin color reactions, Ind. Eng. Chem. 49(9): 1388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nissan, A.H., 1967, The significance of hydrogen bonding at the surfaces of cellulose network structure, in: Surfaces and Coatings Related to Paper and Wood, R.H. Marchessault and C. Skaar, eds., Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY, USA, pp. 221–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nissan, A.H., 1976, H-bond dissociation in hydrogen dominated solids, Macromol. 9(5): 840.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, P., Van den Akker, J.A., and Wink, W.A., 1945, The “fading” of groundwood by light II. The physical mechanism of fading, Pap. Trade J. 121(11): 101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ota, M., Abe, K., and Sekiguchi, T., 1996, Light-induced color change of acetylated wood meal of kiri (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.), Mokuzai Gakkaishi 42(2): 216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, X., Lachenal, D., Lapierre, C., and Monties, B., 1992, Structure and reactivity of spruce mechanical pulp lignins. Part I. Bleaching and photoyellowing, J. Wood Chem. Technol. 12(2): 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, X., Lachenal, D., Lapierre, C., Monties, B., and Neirinck, V., 1994, On the behaviour of spruce thermomechanical pulp lignin during hydrogen peroxide bleaching, Holzforschung 48(5): 429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkås, J., 2000, Light-Induced Yellowing Studied with 13C-Enriched CW-DHP and Solid State 13C NMR Spectroscopy, Lic.Eng. Thesis, Department of Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M., Simonson, R., and Westermark, U., 1994, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 1. Acetylation of paper made from spruce TMP and aspen CTMP. Evaluation of paper properties, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 9(4): 232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M., Simonson, R., and Westermark, U., 1995, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 2. Photostabilizing by acetylation of paper made from spruce TMP and aspen CTMP, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 10(1): 62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M., Li, S., Lundquist, K., Simonson, R., and Westermark, U., 1996a, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 3. Acetylation of lignin model compounds representative of β-O-4 structures of the β-guaiacyl ether type, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 11(2): 109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M., Li, S., Lundquist, K., Simonson, R., and Westermark, U., 1996b, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 4. Elimination of chromophoric and leucochromophoric structures by acetylation, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 11(4): 220.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M., Simonson, R., and Westermark, U., 1996c, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 5. Long-term irradiation of unbleached and hydrogen-peroxide-bleached acetylated spruce TMP, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 11(4): 227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M. and Ragauskas, A.J., 1998a, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 7. Photostabilizing high-brightness aspen CTMP by combining various classes of additives and acetylation, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 13(2): 124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M. and Ragauskas, A.J., 1998b, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 8. Effect of light source on the accelerated light-induced yellowing of untreated and acetylated high-yield pulps, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 13(2): 132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M. and Ragauskas, A.J., 1998c, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 9. Effect of dry heat and moist heat on the accelerated yellowing of untreated and acetylated high-yield pulps, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 13(3): 191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsson, M. and Ragauskas, A.J., 1998d, Chemical modification of lignin-rich paper. Part 10. The light-induced yellowing of untreated and acetylated high-yield pulps studied by solid-state UVNIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J 13(3): 198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peill, P.L.D., 1946, Permanent bleaching of ligno-cellulosic materials, Nature 128(4016): 554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pew, J.C. and Connors, W.J., 1971, Color of coniferous lignin, Tapp: 54(2): 245.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plackett, D.V., Dunningham, E.A., and Singh, A.P., 1992, Weathering of chemically modified wood. Accelerated weathering of acetylated radiata pine, Holz Roh- Werkst. 50(4): 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowell, R.M., 1982, Distribution of acetyl groups in Southern pine reacted with acetic anhydride, Wood Sci. 15(2), 172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowell, R.M., Tillman, A.-M., and Simonson, R., 1986, Vapor phase acetylation of Southern pine, Douglas-fir, and aspen wood, J. Wood Chem. Technol. 6(2): 293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowell, R.M., Simonson, R., Hess, S., Plackett, D.V., Cronshaw, D., and Dunningham, E., 1994, Acetyl distribution in acetylated whole wood and reactivity of isolated wood cell-wall components to acetic anhydride, Wood Fiber Sci. 26(1): 11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowell, R.M., Kawai, S., and Inoue, M., 1995, Dimensionally stabilized, very low density fiberboard, Wood Fiber Sci. 27(4): 428.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A. and Heitner, C., 1993, Light-induced yellowing of mechanical and ultra-high yield pulps. Part 2. Radical-induced cleavage of etherified guaiacylglycerol-β-arylether groups is the main degradative pathway, J. Wood Chem. Technol. 13(3): 309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A. and Heitner, C., 1995, Light-induced yellowing of mechanical and ultra-high yield pulps. Part 3. Comparison of softwood TMP, softwood CTMP and aspen CTMP, J. Wood Chem. Technol. 15(2): 223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A., Kimura, F., and Gray, D.G., 1995, IR and UV spectroscopic study of borohydride reduced mechanical pulp during monochromatic and wide band irradiation, Res. Chem. Intermed. 21(3–5): 287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm, A.J. and Beasley, J.N., 1961, Dimensional stabilization of paper by acetylation, Tappi 44(4): 271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torr, K.M., Dawson, B.S.W., Ede, R.M., and Singh, J., 1996, Surface changes on acetylation and exposure to ultraviolet radiation of Pinus radiata using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, Holzforschung 50(5): 449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Heitner, C., and Manley, R.St.J., 1993, The photodegradation of milled wood lignin. Part II. The effect of inhibitors, 7th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem., Beijing, P.R. China, May 25–28, Vol. 2, 740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, K.Jr., Morak, A.J., Murray, M.L., and Thomas, W.B., 1965, The improvement of bonding in paper sheets by chemical modification of the fibers: Some screening tests with cotton linters, Tappi 48(4): 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, K.Jr., 1973, in: Chemical Modification of Papermaking Fibers, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermark, U., Samuelsson, B., and Lundquist, K., 1995, Homolytic cleavage of the (3-ether bond in phenolic β-O-4 structures in wood lignin and in guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether, Res. Chem. Intermed. 21(3–5): 343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z.-H., Matsuoka, M., Lee, D.-Y., and Sumimoto, M., 1991, Mechanochemistry of lignin. VI. Mechanochemical reactions of β-1 lignin model compounds, Mokuzai Gakkashi 37(2): 164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, J.H., Olmstead, J.A., and Gray, D.G., 1995, Fluorescent detection of o-quinones formed in lignin-containing pulps during irradiation, J. Wood Chem. Technol. 15(1): 43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden

    Magnus Paulsson & Rune Simonson

Authors
  1. Magnus Paulsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rune Simonson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Thomas Q. Hu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Paulsson, M., Simonson, R. (2002). Acetylation of Lignin and Photostabilization of Lignin-Rich Mechanical Wood Pulp and Paper. In: Hu, T.Q. (eds) Chemical Modification, Properties, and Usage of Lignin. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0643-0_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0643-0_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5173-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0643-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation