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Pharmaceutical Biotechnology pp 361–374Cite as

Hematopoietic Growth Factors: Focus on Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents

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Abstract

Hematopoiesis is an intricate, well-regulated, and homeostatic multistep process that allows immature precursor cells in the bone marrow to proliferate, differentiate, mature, and become functional blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide; contribute to host immunity; and facilitate blood clotting. In the early 1900s, scientists recognized the presence of circulating factors that regulate hematopoiesis. It took approximately 50 years to develop in vitro cell culture systems in order to definitively prove that the growth and survival of early blood cells require the presence of specific circulating factors, called hematopoietic growth factors (HGF). The presence of many HGF with different targets at extremely small amounts in blood, bone marrow, and urine confounded the search for a single HGF with a specific activity. Scientific progress was slow until it became possible to purify sufficient quantities to evaluate the characteristics and biologic potential of the isolated materials. The introduction of recombinant DNA technology triggered a flurry of studies and an information explosion, which confirmed hematopoiesis is mediated by a series of HGF that acts individually and in various combinations involving complex feedback mechanisms. Today, many HGF have been isolated; some have been studied extensively, and a few have been manufactured for clinical use.

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Acknowledgements

Parts of this chapter are updated versions of previously published portions of several other chapters that include:

1. Heatherington AC (2003) Clinical pharmacokinetic properties of rHuEPO: a review. In: Molineux G, Foote MA, Elliott S (eds) Erythropoietins and erythropoiesis: molecular, cellular, preclinical, and clinical biology. Birkhauser, Basel, pp 87–112

2. Elliot S, Heatherington AC, Foote MA (2004) Erythropoietic factors: clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. In: Morstyn G, Foote MA, and Lieschke GJ (eds) Hematopoietic growths factors in oncology. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 97–123

3. Foote AN (2008) Hematopoietic growth factors. In: Crommelin DJA, Sindelar RD, Meibohm B (eds) Pharmaceutical biotechnology. Fundamentals and applications, 3rd edn. Informa Healthcare USA, New York, pp 225–242

4. Doshi S, Perez-Ruixo JJ, Jang GR, Chow A, Elliot S (2008) Pharmacocinétique de les agents stimulant l’érythropoïèse. In: Rossert J, Casadevall N, Gisselbrecht C (eds) Les agents stimulant l’érythropoïèse. Paris, France

5. Doshi S, Perez-Ruixo JJ, Jang GR, Chow AT (2009) Pharmacokinetics of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. In: Molineux G, Foote MA, Elliott S (eds) Erythropoietins and erythropoiesis: molecular, cellular, preclinical, and clinical biology. 2nd edn. Birkhäuser Verlag AG, Basel, pp 195–224

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  1. Department of Quantitative Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA

    Juan Jose Pérez-Ruixo Ph.D. & Andrew T. Chow Ph.D.

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  1. Juan Jose Pérez-Ruixo Ph.D.
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  2. Andrew T. Chow Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Juan Jose Pérez-Ruixo Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Daan J. A. Crommelin

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Robert D. Sindelar

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

    Bernd Meibohm

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Pérez-Ruixo, J.J., Chow, A.T. (2013). Hematopoietic Growth Factors: Focus on Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents. In: Crommelin, D., Sindelar, R., Meibohm, B. (eds) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6486-0_18

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