Abstract
Une nouvelle doctrine qui influence les politiques de recherche émerge partout dans le monde : elle se caractérise par une volonté de concentrer les ressources disponibles sur un nombre plus restreint d’universités et de régions, sélectionnées en fonction de leur niveau d’excellence scientifique. Cette doctrine s’appuie sur les apports de la recherche de pointe à l’innovation industrielle. La base du modèle de gouvernance est le résultat de la fusion entre le modèle linéaire – qui incite fortement à l’auto-organisation des établissements universitaires – et le modèle des systèmes d’innovation, qui met l’accent sur les interactions systémiques entre la recherche universitaire et l’économie, ainsi que sur l’importance des pôles technologiques créés autour des universités et des centres de recherche les plus importants. Ce chapitre trace un historique de l’émergence et de la montée en puissance de ce paradigme politique dans divers pays de l’OCDE. Les pays étudiés dans le cadre du programme UniDev permettent notamment d’aborder la question de savoir si ce modèle peut être adopté par les pays en voie de développement.
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Benner, M. (2012). À la recherche de l’excellence ? Une perspective internationale sur la gouvernance de la recherche universitaire. In: Göransson, B., Brundenius, C. (eds) L’université en transition. Idées et innovation en développement international. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1236-6_2
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