Abstract
This chapter reviews the results of a large number of shook loading experiments utilizing a common design and a constant shock pulse duration of 2 µs. It is shown that dislocations, dislocation cells, planar dislocation arrays, stacking faults, twins, twin faults, and point defects all contribute in specific systems to residual shock strengthening. Shock-induced microstructures are determined primarily by the stacking fault free energy. High stacking-fault free energy metals and alloys are characterized by dislocation cell structures while low stacking-fault free energy metals and alloys (with the fcc structure) are characterized by planar dislocation arrays, stacking faults and twins in {111} planes. High stacking-fault free energy metals and alloys also twin according to critical shear stress criteria, and the (001) orientation is the initial orientation where twinning occurs. Residual shock microstructures and specific lattice defects induced by the peak shock pressure are shown to be related to resisdual hardness and engineering yield stress. Body-centered cubic metals and alloys are characterized by irregular dislocation arrays as a result of the more numerous slip planes, although twinning also occurs in bcc metals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cowan, G.R., Trans. TMS-AIME, 233, 1120 (1965).
Murr, L.E., and Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, D., Acta Met., 26, 847 (1978).
Smith, C.S., Trans. TMS-AIME, 212, 574 (1958).
Deiter, G.E., in “Response of Metals to High Velocity Deformation Metallurgical Conferences”, Wiley Interscience, New York, vol. 9 (1961).
Nolder, R.L., and Thomas, G., Acta Met., 12, 227 (1964).
Inman, M.C., Murr, L.E., Rose, M.F., in Advances in Electron Metallography, ASTM-STP 396, 6, 39 (1966).
Ashby, M.F., Phil. Mag., 21, 399 (1970).
McElroy, R.J., and Szkopiak, Z.C., Int. Metall. Rev., 17, 175 (1972).
Rankine, W.J.M., Phil. Trans. Roy Soc., London, 160 (1870).
Hugoniot, H., J. ecole polytech., 58 (1889).
Rice, M.H., McQueen, R.G., and Walsh, J.M., “Compression of Solids by Strong Shock Waves, Solid State Physics”, Academic Press, New York, vol. 6 (1958).
Walsh, J.M., and Christian, R.H., Phys. Rev., 97, 1544 (1955).
Duvall, G.E., “Response of Metals to High Velocity Deformation”, Interscience Publishers, New York, vol. 9 (1960).
Murr, L.E., and Grace, F.I., Exp. Mech., 5, 145 (1969).
Fowler, C.M., Minshall, F.S., and Zukas, E.G., in “Response of Metals to High Velocity Deformation”, Interscience Publishers, New York, vol. 9 (1961).
Rose, M.F., and Grace, F.I., Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 18, 671 (1967).
Grace, F.I., Ph.D. Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania (unpublished ) (1967).
Murr, L.E., Scripta Met., 12, 201 (1978).
Grace, F.L, J. Appl. Phys., 40, 2649 (1969).
Rose, M.F., Ph.D. Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennslyvania (unpublished ) (1966).
Moin, E., and Murr, L.E., Mater. Sci. Engr., 37, 249 (1979).
Greulich, F., and Murr, L.E., Mater. Sci., Engr., 39, 81 (1979).
Murr, L.E., Inal, O.T., and Morales, A.A., Acta Met., 24, 261 (1976).
Wongwiwat, K., and Murr, L.E., Mater. Sci. Engr., 35, 273 (1978).
Murr, L.E. and Grace, F.I., Trans. TMS-AIME, 245, 2229 (1969).
Grace, F.I., Inman, M.C., and Murr, L.E., Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 1, 1437 (1968).
Murr, L.E., and Foltz, J.V., J, Appl. Phys., 40, 3796 (1969).
Murr, L.E. Vydyanath, H.R., and Foltz, J.V., Met. Trans., A1, 3215 (1970).
Murr, L.E., and Vydyanath, H.R., and Foltz, J.V., Met. Trans., A1, 3215 (1970).
Murr, L.E., and Vydyanath, H.R., Micron, 1, 406 (1970).
Murr, L.E., and Rose, M.F., Phil. Mag., 18, 281 (1968).
Zimmer, W., M.S. Thesis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, (1979).
Holtzman, A.H., and Cowan, G.R. in “Response of Metals to High Velocity Deformation”, Metallurgical Conferences, Wiley Interscience, New York, vol. 9 (1960), p. 447.
Murr, L.E., “Interfacial Phenomena in Metals and Alloys”, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass. (1975).
Copley, S.M., and Kear, B.H., Acta Met., 16, 227 (1968),
Meyers, M.A., Mater. Sci. Engr., 30, 99 (1977).
Sleeswyk, A.W., Acta Met., 10, 705 (1962).
Sleeswyk, A.W., Phil. Mag., 8, 1469 (1963).
Bailey, J.E., Phil. Mag., 8, 223 (1963).
McQueen, R.G., and Marsh, S.P., J. Appl. Phys., 31, 1253 (1960).
Kressel, H., and Brown, N., J. Appl. Phys., 38, 1618 (1967).
Zukas, E.G., Metals Engr. Quart. (ASM), 6, 16 (1966).
Leslie, W.C., in “Metallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates” Rohde, R.W., Butcher, B.M., Holland, J.R., Karnes, C.H.(eds.) Plenum Press, New York (1973), p. 572.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Murr, L.E. (1981). Residual Microstructure - Mechanical Property Relationships in Shock-Loaded Metals and Alloys. In: Meyers, M.A., Murr, L.E. (eds) Shock Waves and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3219-0_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3219-0_37
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3221-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3219-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive