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myo-Inositol Polyphosphates and Their Role in Cellular Metabolism

A Proposed Cycle Involving Glucose-6-Phosphate and myo-Inositol Phosphates

  • Chapter
Subcellular Biochemistry

Abstract

Life is characterized by complex organization, precise regulation, and colorful diversity. It is a biochemical system that is always far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The maintenance of such a state demands a constant expenditure of energy to maintain a unidirectional flow of metabolites. A network of anabolic and catabolic pathways operates in every living cell. It is well known that phosphate esters in living organisms are essential intermediates in metabolic transformations and these phosphorylated compounds are invariably associated with energy balance, which is fundamental to life processes. The sources of energy for living organisms are extremely diverse, but it is not clear why phosphate esters rather than the esters of other inorganic acids predominate in biological systems. It is probably significant that phosphate anhydrides combine high activation energies of nonenzymatic hydrolysis with large negative free energies of hydrolysis. This permits controlled enzymatic cleavage of the anhydride, rather than spontaneous hydrolysis. Lipmann (1951) has pointed out that acetic anhydride is hydrolyzed rapidly in neutral conditions, acetylphosphate is more stable, and pyrophosphate is resistant to hydrolysis at neutral pH. Phosphates are probably protected from hydroxyl attack by their negative charge. The discussion in this chapter is centered around a biologically important phosphocompound that was discovered as early as 1872 by Pfeffer (1872). This was subsequently identified as a salt of phytic acid (or more correctly myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), which is the major phosphorus constituent of cereal grain (Williams, 1970).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, 700009, India

    B. B. Biswas & B. Ghosh

  2. Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India

    Arun Lahiri Majumder

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  1. B. B. Biswas
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  2. B. Ghosh
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  1. University College London, London, England

    Donald B. Roodyn

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Biswas, B.B., Ghosh, B., Majumder, A.L. (1984). myo-Inositol Polyphosphates and Their Role in Cellular Metabolism. In: Roodyn, D.B. (eds) Subcellular Biochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2709-7_4

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