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New Trends in Ganglioside Chemistry

  • Chapter
The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 228))

Abstract

Gangliosides are normal components of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells1,2 and are particularly abundant in the nervous system.1,3 Their concentration at the level of the cortex grey matter is about one-tenth that of total phospholipids4. They are asymmetrically located in the outer lipid layer of the membrane5,6 and exhibit strong amphiphilic properties.3,4 Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids constituted of a hydrophilic sialic acid-containing oligosaccharide and a hydrophobic ceramide portion, linked together by a glycosidic linkage.1,3 The oligosaccharide portion protrudes from the outer membrane surface and the ceramide moiety is inserted into the lipid core of the membrane.1,3 Gangliosides occur in nature in a large number of different species. The number and chemical features of sialic acid, and the number, type, and sequence of the individual sugars of the neutral oligosaccharide core are the basis for a wide variety of chemical structures.1,3,7 Moreover, a ganglioside with a homogenous oligosaccharide portion can be a mixture of several molecular species differing in their ceramide composition (fatty acid of different hydrocarbon chain length, with or without double bonds or hydroxyl groups; long chain bases of different chain length, with or without double bonds).1,3

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Study Center for the Functional Biochemistry of Brain Lipids Department of Biological Chemistry, The Medical School University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Sandro Sonnino, Riccardo Ghidoni, Giuliano Gazzotti, Domenico Acquotti & Guido Tettamanti

Authors
  1. Sandro Sonnino
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  2. Riccardo Ghidoni
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  3. Giuliano Gazzotti
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  4. Domenico Acquotti
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  5. Guido Tettamanti
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Albert M. Wu  & L. Garry Adams  & 

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© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

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Sonnino, S., Ghidoni, R., Gazzotti, G., Acquotti, D., Tettamanti, G. (1988). New Trends in Ganglioside Chemistry. In: Wu, A.M., Adams, L.G. (eds) The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 228. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8923-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1663-3

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