Skip to main content

Abstract

The survival and persistence of microorganisms in the environment depends upon a number of factors, among these is the requirement that the organisms concerned are able to compete with indigenous microorganisms that have similar growth requirements. Van Elsas and others in this volume describe many of the problems faced by released microbes. In this chapter we will concentrate on genetic interactions that occur among members of the same species which, almost by definition, are uniquely able to interact with introduced strains because they have essentially the same requirements for growth. There is fairly extensive experience in practical terms of interactions between members of the same species obtained from studies of the natural colonization of animals by pathogenic strains of Enterobacteriaceae, and from the inoculation of crops with symbiotic microorganisms, such as Rhizobiwn.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achtman, M., Heuzenroeder, M., Kuseck, B., Ochman, H., Caugent, D., Selander, R.K., Vaisanen-Rhen, V., Korhonen, T.K., Stuart, S., Orskov, F. and Orskov, I. (1986) Clonal analysis of Escherichia coli O2:K1 isolated from diseased humans and animals. Infect. Immun. 51, 268–276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M. (1981) Why microbial predators and parasites do not eliminate their prey and hosts. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 35, 113–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bale, M.J., Fry, J.C. and Day, M.J. (1987) Plasmid transfer between strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on membrane filters attached to river stones. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133, 3099–3107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bale, M.J. and Hinton, M. (1991) Bacteria and agricultural animals — survival and gene transfer, in “Environmental release of genetically engineered and other microorganisms” (Fry, J.C. and Day, M.J. Eds.) (in press) University Press,Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrow, P.A. (1986) Bacteriophages mediating somatic antigenic conversions in Salmonella cholerae-suis — isolation from sewage. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132, 835–837.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beltran, P., Musser, J.M., Helmuth, R., Farmer, J.J., Frerichs, W.M., Wachmuth, I.K., Ferris, K., McWhorter, A.C., Wells, J.G., Cravioto, A. and Selander, R.K. (1988) Toward a population genetic analysis of Salmonella: Genetic diversity and relationships among strains of serotypes S. choleraesuis, S. derby, S. dublin, S enteritidis, S. heidelberg, S. infantis, S newport and S. typhimurium. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7753–7757.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, O., Borsheim, K.Y., Bratbak, G. and Heldal, M. (1989) High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. Nature (London) 340, 467–468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beringer, J. E. and Bale, M. J. (1988). The survival and persistence of genetically-engineered micro-organisms, in “The Release of Genetically-Engineered Micro-Organisms” (Sussman, M., Collins, C. H., Skinner, F. A. and Stewart-Tull, D. E., Eds.), pp. 29–46. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisercic, M., Feutrier, J. Y. and Reeves, P. R. (1991) Nucleotide sequences of the gnd genes from nine natural isolates of Escherichia coli: evidence of intragenic recombination as a contributing factor in the evolution of the polymorphic gnd locus. J. Bacteriol. 173, 3894–3900.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, I.G., Mee, B.J. and Nikoletti, S.M. (1986) Evolution and spread of IncFIV plasmids conferring resistance to trimethoprim. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 29, 807–813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, I.G. and Mee, B.J. (1987) Mapping of trimethoprim resistance genes from epidemiologically related plasmids. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1440–1441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaslus-Dancla, E., Lagorce, M., Lafort, J.-P., Courvalin, P. and Gerbaud, G. (1987 Probable transmission between animals of a plasmid encoding aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase IV and dihydrofolate reductase I. Vet. Microbiol. 15, 97–104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caugant, D. A., Mocca, L. F., Frasch, C. E., Froholm, O., Zollinger, W. D. and Selander, R. K. (1987) Genetic structure of Neisseria meningitidis populations in relation to serogroup, serotype and outer membrane protein patterns. J. Bacteriol. 169, 2781–2792.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhillon, T.S. and Dhillon, E.K.S. (1981) Incidence of lysogeny, colicinogeny and drug resistance in enterobacteria isolated from sewage and rectums of humans and some domesticated species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41, 894–902.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DuBose, R.F., Dykhuizen, D.E. and Hard, D.L. (1988) Genetic exchange among natural isolates of bacteria: recombination within the phoA gene of Escherichia coli. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7036–7040.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, K.E., Istock, C.A., Graham, J.B. and Ferguson, N. (1989) Genetic exchange between Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis — variable hybrid stability and the nature of bacterial species. Evolution 43, 1585–1609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eardly, B.D., Materon, L.A., Smith, N.H., Johnson, D.A., Rumbaugh, M.D. and Selander, R.K. (1990) Genetic structure of natural populations of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium meliloti. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 187–194.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, M. (1991) The physiological activity of bacteria attached to solid surfaces. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 32, 53–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freter, R., Freter, R.R. and Brickner, H. (1983) Experimental and mathematical models of Escherichia coli plasmid transfer in vitro and in vivo. Infect. Immun. 39, 60–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, J.A., Ward, L.R. and Rowe, B. (1989) Acquisition of a drug resistance plasmid converts Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 to phage type 24. Epidemiol. Infect. 103, 243–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, J.C. and Day, M.J. Eds (1990) Bacterial genetics in natural environments. London, Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germida, J.J. and Khachatourians, G.G. (1988) Transduction of Escherichia coli in soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 34, 190–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J.B. and Istock, C.A. (1978) Genetic exchange in Bacillus subtilis in soil. Mol. Gen. Genet. 166, 287–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, F. (1928) The significance of pneumococcal types. J. Hyg. (Camb.) 27, 113–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, S.P., Jones, D.G. and Young, J.P.W. (1989) Rhizobium population genetics: Genetic variation within and between populations from diverse locations. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135, 1061–1069.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann, J. A. and Sprague, G. F. (1989) Bacterial conjugative plasmids mobilize DNA transfer between bacteria and yeast. Nature, (London) 340, 205–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellriegel, H. and Wilfarth, H. (1888) “Untersuchungen uber die Stickstoff-Nahrung der Gramineen und Leguminosum”. Zeitschrift fur der verschiedige Rubenzucker Industrie des Deutsches Reichs (Beilageheft).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, V.M. and Datta, N. (1983) Conjugative plasmids in bacteria of the ‘pre-antibiotic’era. Nature (London) 302, 725–726.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokjohn, T. A., Sayler, G. S. and Miller, R. V. (1991) Attachment and replication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages under conditions simulating aquatic environments. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 661–666.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuikman, P.J., van Elsas, J.D., Jansen, A.G., Burgers, S.L. and van Veen, J.A. (1990) Population dynamics and activity of bacteria and protozoa in relation to their spatial distribution in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 1063–1073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. R. and Caldwell, D. E. (1987) Behavior of bacterial stream populations within the hydrodynamic boundary layers of surface microenvironments. Microb. Ecol. 14, 15–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. R., Delaquis, P. J., Korber, D. R. and Caldwell, D. E. (1987) Behavior of Pseudomonas fluorescens within the hydrodynamic boundary layers of surface microenvironments. Microb. Ecol. 14, 1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Minor, L. and Popoff, M. Y. (1987) Designation of Salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev., as the type and only species of the genus Salmonella. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37, 465–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, M.G., Aardema, B.W. and Wackernagel, W. (1988) Highly efficient genetic transformation of Bacillus subtilis attached to sand grains. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 107–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, M.G. and Wackernagel, W. (1991) High frequency of natural genetic transformation of Pseudomonas stutzeri in soil extract supplemented with carbon/energy and phosphorous source. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1246–1251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard Smith, J., Dowson, C.G. and Spratt, B.G. (1991) Localized sex in bacteria. Nature (London) 349, 29–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, J.V., Kovacic, D.A. and Smith, M.H. (1988) Genetic diversity in natural populations of a soil bacterium across a landscape gradient. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 9621–9624.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, W.D., Miller, R.V. and Sayler, G.S. (1978) Frequency of F116-mediated transduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a freshwater environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36, 724–730.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musser, J.M., Granoff, D.M., Pattison, P.E. and Selander, R.K. (1985) A population genetic framework for the study of invasive diseases caused by serotype b strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 5078–5082.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogunseitan, O.A., Sayler, G.S. and Miller, R.V. (1990) Dynamic interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacteriophages in lake water. Microb. Ecol. 19, 171–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Morchoe, S.B., Ogunseitan, O., Sayler, G.S. and Miller, R.V. (1988) Conjugal transfer of R68.45 and FP5 between Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in a freshwater environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1923–1929.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orskov, F. and Orskov, I. (1983) Summary of a workshop on the clone concept in the epidemiology, taxonomy and evolution of the enterobacteriacae and other bacteria. J. Infect. Dis. 148, 346–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan, M., Stephens, P.M. and Ogara, F. (1990) Interactions between the soil-borne bacteriophage-Fo-1 and Pseudomonas spp. on sugarbeet roots. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 68, 329–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, J.H., Frischer, M.E. and Thurmond, J.M. (1991) Gene transfer in marine water column and sediment microcosms by natural plasmid transformation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1509–1515.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, J.H., Jeffrey, W.H. and Deflaun, M.F. (1987) Dynamics of extracellular DNA in the marine environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 170–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plos, K., Hull, S.I., Hull, R.A., Levin, B.R., Orskov, I., Orskov, F. and Svanborg-Eden, C. (1989) Distribution of the P-associated-pilus (pap) region among Escherichia coli from natural sources: Evidence for horizontal gene transfer. Infect. Immun., 57, 1604–1611.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proctor, L.M. and Fuhrman, J.A. (1990) Viral mortality of marine bacteria and cyanobacteria. Nature (London) 343, 60–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayssiguier, C., Thaler, D.S. and Radman, M. (1989) The barrier to recombination between Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is disrupted in mismatch-repair mutants. Nature (London) 342, 396–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reanney, D.C., Roberts, W.P. and Kelly, W.J. (1982) Genetic interactions among microbial communities, in. “Microbial Interactions and Communities vol.I” (Bull A.T. and Slater, J.H. Eds.), pp. 287–322. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochelle, P.A., Fry, J.C. and Day, M.J. (1989) Factors affecting conjugal transfer of plasmids encoding mercury resistance from pure cultures and mixed natural suspensions of epilithic bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol., 135, 409–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romanowski, G., Lorenz, M.G. and Wackernagel, W. (1991) Adsorption of plasmid DNA to mineral surfaces and protection against DNasel. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1057–1061.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saye, D.J., Ogunseitan, O., Sayler, G.S. and Miller, R.V. (1987) Potential for transduction of plasmids in a natural freshwater environment: Effect of plasmid donor concentration and a natural microbial community on transduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 987–995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saye, D.J., Ogunseitan, O.A., Sayler, G.S. and Miller, R.V. (1990) Transduction of linked chromosomal genes between Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains during incubation in situ in a freshwater habitat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 140–145.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seifert, H.S., Ajioka, R.S., Marchal, C., Sparling, P. F. and So, M. (1988) DNA transformation leads to pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nature (London) 336, 392–395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.W. and Lovell, M.A. (1985) Transduction complicates the detection of conjugative ability in lysogenic Salmonella strains. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 2087–2089.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, N.H., Beltran, P. and Selander, R.K. (1990) Recombination of Salmonella phase-1 flagellin genes generates new serovars. J. Bacteriol. 172, 2209–2216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spratt, B.G., Zhang, Q.Y., Jones, D.M., Hutchison, A., Brannigan, J.A. and Dowson, C.G. (1989) Recruitment of a penicillin-binding protein gene from Neisseria flavescens during the emergence of penicillin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 8988–8992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steffan, R.J., Goksoyr, J., Bej, A.K. and Atlas, R.M. (1988) Recovery of DNA from soils and sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 2185–2191.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, G.J. and Carlson, C.A. (1986) The biology of natural transformation. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 40, 211–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, G.J. and Sinigalliano, C.D. (1990) Detection of horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation in native and introduced species of bacteria in marine and synthetic sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1818–1824.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Threlfall, E.J. and Rowe, B. (1984) Antimicrobial drug resistance in salmonellae in Britain — a real threat to public health?, in “Antimicrobials and Agriculture”. (Woodbine, M., Ed.), pp. 513–524. Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Elsas, J.D., Trevors, J.T., Starodub, M.E. and van Overbeek, L.S. (1990) Transfer of plasmid RP4 between pseudomonads after introduction into soil — influence of spatial and temporal aspects of inoculation. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 73, 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittam, T.S., Wolfe, M.L. and Wilson, R.A. (1989) Genetic relationships among Escherichia coli isolates causing urinary tract infections in humans and animals. Epidemiol. Infect., 102, 37–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins, B.M. (1988) Organization and plasticity of enterobacterial genomes. J. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp. Suppl. 65, 51S–69S.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wray, C., McLaren, I., Parkinson, N.M. and Beedell, Y. (1987) Differentiation of Salmonella typhimurium 204c by plasmid profile and biotyping. Vet. Rec. 121, 514–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J.P.W. and Wexler, M. (1988) Sym plasmid and chromosomal genotypes are correlated in field populations of Rhizobiun leguminosarum. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2731–2739.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J.P.W. (1989) The population genetics of bacteria, in “Genetics of bacterial diversity” (Hopwood, D.A. and Chater, K. F. Eds.), pp. 417–438. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavarzin, G. A., Stackebrandt, E. and Murray (1991) A correlation of phylogenetic diversity in the Proteobacteria with the influences of ecological forces. Can. J. Microbiol. 37, 1–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeph, L.R., Onaga, M.A. and Stotzky, G. (1988) Transduction of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage P1 in soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1731–1737.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bale, M.J., Hinton, M., Beringer, J.E. (1992). Interactions in Communities of Microorganisms. In: Stewart-Tull, D.E.S., Sussman, M. (eds) The Release of Genetically Modified Microorganisms—REGEM 2. Federation of European Microbiological Societies Symposium Series, vol 63. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0493-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0493-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7654-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0493-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics