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Herpesviridae: Herpes Simplex Virus

  • Chapter
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Principles and Practice

Abstract

Disease: Herpes simplex virus infections. Etiologic Agents: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Source: Human to human spread of infection.

Clinical Manifestations: Oropharyngeal infections, eczema herpeticum, keratoconjunctivitis, genital infections, neonatal infections, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, nosocomial infections, and infections in the immunocompromised patient.

Pathology: Primary and recurrent infections, the latter originating from activation of infection in latently infected sensory neurons. Commonly, a restricted mucocutaneous vesiculation and ulceration; occasionally, a necrotizing systemic disease. Type 1 virus is commonly associated with oropharyngeal infections, type 2 is commonly associated with genital infections.

Laboratory Diagnosis: Virus isolation or demonstration of viral antigens in secretions or infected tissue specimens. Serology by observations of specific IgG, IgM, and/or IgA antibody response. Typing of virus by type-specific, usually monoclonal antibodies; demonstration of virus-type-related antibodies by means of type-specific viral antigen preparations.

Epidemiology: Worldwide, most commonly subclinical infection, transmission essentially by virus-containing secretions from oropharyngeal or genitourinary tracts. Circulation of virus is maintained by spread of virus from activated latent infections.

Treatment: Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir (Zovirax).

Prevention and Control: Active immunization with experimental vaccines and passive immunization with hyperimmune immunoglobulin preparations are under evaluation.

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Lycke, E., Jeansson, S. (1988). Herpesviridae: Herpes Simplex Virus. In: Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Principles and Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3900-0_11

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