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Lower Abdominal and Perineal Surgery pp 71–97Cite as

Anal Surgery

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Part of the book series: Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences ((SCRC))

Abstract

Although anal problems are common and many are straightforward, the management can be challenging, and the clinical acumen that is applied may significantly determine the clinical course for the patient. This chapter addresses the applied anatomy, pathophysiology, and management that underpin the spectrum of complications, risks, and consequences that are observed in practice. For information concerning associated problems, refer to other relevant chapters and volumes.

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Further Reading, References, and Resources

Examination Under Anesthesia (+/− Anal Dilatation)

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

Perianal Abscess Drainage

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, Chan SYE, Samuel M. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess–fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:602–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard MJFX. Review article: anal abscesses and fistulas. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:64–72.

    Google Scholar 

Ischiorectal Abscess Drainage

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, Chan SYE, Samuel M. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess–fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:602–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard MJFX. Review article: anal abscesses and fistulas. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:64–72.

    Google Scholar 

Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins EE, Lund JN. A review of chronic anal fissure management. Tech Coloproctol. 2007;11:209–23.

    Google Scholar 

Anal Fissurectomy

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins EE, Lund JN. A review of chronic anal fissure management. Tech Coloproctol. 2007;11:209–23.

    Google Scholar 

Laying Open of Anal Fistula with/Without Excision (Fistulotomy)

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, Chan SYE, Samuel M. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess–fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:602–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard MJFX. Review article: anal abscesses and fistulas. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:64–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojanasakul A. Total anal sphincter saving technique for fistula-in-ano. The ligation of the intersphincteric tract. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007;90:581–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seton Placement

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, Chan SYE, Samuel M. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess–fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:602–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard MJFX. Review article: anal abscesses and fistulas. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:64–72.

    Google Scholar 

Mucosal Advancement Flap

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, Chan SYE, Samuel M. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess–fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:602–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard MJFX. Review article: anal abscesses and fistulas. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:64–72.

    Google Scholar 

Hemorrhoidectomy (Open or Stapled)

  • Billingham RP, Isler JT, Kimmins MH, Nelson JM, Schweitzer J, Murphy MM. The diagnosis and management of common anorectal disorders. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(7):586–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins EE, Lund JN. A review of chronic anal fissure management. Tech Coloproctol. 2007;11:209–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dal Monte PP, Tagariello C, Giordano P. Transanal haemorrhoidal dearterialization: nonexcisional surgery for the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease. Tech Coloproctol. 2007;11:333–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, Chan SYE, Samuel M. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess–fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:602–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard MJFX. Review article: anal abscesses and fistulas. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:64–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugam V, Thaha MA, Rabindranath KS, Campbell KL, Steele RJ, Loudon MA. Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;20(3):CD005034.

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  • Shanmugam V, Thaha MA, Rabindranath KS, Campbell KL, Steele RJ, Loudon MA. Systematic review of randomized trials comparing rubber band ligation with excisional haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg. 2005;92(12):1481–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shao W-J, Li G-CH, Zhang ZH-K, Yang B-L, Sun G-D, Chen Y-Q. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy with conventional haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg. 2008;95:147–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland LM, Burchard AK, Matsuda K, Sweeney JL, Bokey EL, Childs PA, Roberts AK, Waxman BP, Maddern GJ. A systematic review of stapled hemorrhoidectomy. Arch Surg. 2002;137:1395–406.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academic Surgical Unit, Monash University, Monash Health and Southern Clinical School, Dandenong, VIC, Australia

    Bruce Waxman BMedSc., MBBS, FRACS, FRCS(eng), FACS

  2. Discipline of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, L5 Eleanor Harrald Building, North Terrace, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Brendon J. Coventry BMBS, PhD, FRACS, FACS, FRSM

Authors
  1. Bruce Waxman BMedSc., MBBS, FRACS, FRCS(eng), FACS
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  2. Brendon J. Coventry BMBS, PhD, FRACS, FACS, FRSM
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce Waxman BMedSc., MBBS, FRACS, FRCS(eng), FACS .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Brendon J. Coventry

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag London

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Waxman, B., Coventry, B.J. (2014). Anal Surgery. In: Coventry, B. (eds) Lower Abdominal and Perineal Surgery. Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5469-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5469-3_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5468-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5469-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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