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Extreme Environmental Events pp 31–41Cite as

Climate Change and Agriculture

  • Reference work entry

Article Outline

Glossary

Introduction

Conclusions

Future Directions

Bibliography

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Abbreviations

Anthropogenic emissions:

Greenhouse gas emissions that are produced as a result of humans through such developments as industry or agriculture.

Greenhouse gases:

The gases of the atmosphere that create the greenhouse effect, which keeps much of the heat from the sun from radiating back into outer space. Greenhouse gases include, in order of relative abundance: Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and CFCs. Greenhouse gases come from natural sources and human activity; present CO2 levels are ∼380 ppmv, approximately 100 ppmv higher than they were in pre‐industrial times.

Soybean cyst nematode:

Heterodera glycines, a plant‐parasite that infects the roots of soybean, with the female becoming a cyst. Infection causes various symptoms, including a serious loss of yield.

El Niño‐southern oscillation (ENSO):

A phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean characterized by a positive sea‐surface temperature departure from normal (for the 1971–2000 base period) in the Niño 3.4 region greater than or equal in magnitude to 0.5°C, averaged over three consecutive months.

North atlantic Oscillation (NAO):

A hemispheric, meridional oscillation in atmospheric mass with centers of action near Iceland and over the subtropical Atlantic.

Vegetative index:

A simple numerical indicator used to analyze remote sensing measurements, often from space satellites, to determine how much photosynthesis is occurring in an area.

Soil organic carbon:

All the organic compounds within the soil without living roots and animals.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Columbia University, New York, USA

    Cynthia Rosenzweig

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  1. Cynthia Rosenzweig
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, 122 Escalle Lane, Larkspur, CA, 94939, USA

    Robert A. Meyers Ph. D. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

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Rosenzweig, C. (2011). Climate Change and Agriculture. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Extreme Environmental Events. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7695-6_3

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