Conductometry

The flow of electric current generally perceived as the motion of electrons in metallic, graphitic, and related materials or as the flow of negative (electrons) and positive (holes) charge carriers in semiconductors is of fundamental importance in science and technology, it is sometimes called the “lifeline of industrialized civilizations.” Less popularly known is the flow of electric current proceeding via the movement of charged atomic or molecular species, i.e., ions in systems like liquid solutions or melts providing the possibility of movements of ions. Once again industrialization is hardly conceivable without this, production of many metals and basic chemicals would be impossible without solutions or melts containing mobile ions. Of equal importance is the importance of ionic conductors in energy storage and conversion systems omnipresent in daily life. The movement of an ion beyond the random Brownian motion is always effected by a gradient, in case of diffusion it is a...