Abstract
ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunospot) is a powerful immunological tool for the detection of cytokine-secreting cells at a single-cell resolution. It is widely used for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases, e.g., tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, and it is also widely used in cancer immunotherapy research. Its ability to distinguish between active and latent forms of tuberculosis makes it an extremely powerful tool for epidemiological studies and contact tracing. In addition to that, it is a very useful tool for the research and development of cancer immunotherapies. ELISpot can be employed to assess the immune responses against various tumor-associated antigens, which could provide valuable insights for the development of effective therapies against cancers. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role to the evaluation of immune responses against specific antigens that not only could aid in vaccine development but also assist in treatment monitoring and development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. This chapter briefly describes some of the applications of ELISpot in tuberculosis and cancer research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Richeldi L, Losi M, Cerri S et al (2008) Using ELISpot technology to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection: from the bench to the T-SPOT.TB assay. Expert Rev Respir Med 2(2):253–260. https://doi.org/10.1586/17476348.2.2.253
Codecasa L, Mantegani P, Galli L et al (2006) An in-house RD1-based enzyme-linked immunospot-gamma interferon assay instead of the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Microbiol 44(6):1944–1950. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02265-05
Nkurunungi G, Lutangira JE, Lule SA et al (2012) Determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among BCG-immunised Ugandan children by T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin testing. PLoS One 7(10):e47340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047340
Butterfield LH, Buffo MJ (2014) Immunologic monitoring of cancer vaccine trials using the ELISPOT assay. Methods Mol Biol 1102:71–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-727-3_5
Petersen E, Al-Abri S, Chakaya J et al (2022) World TB day 2022: revamping and reshaping global TB control programs by advancing lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 124(Suppl 1):S1–S3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.057
Singh VK, Chandra S, Kumar S et al (2009) A common medical error: lung cancer misdiagnosed as sputum negative tuberculosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 10(3):335–338
Lalvani A, Pareek M (2010) Interferon gamma release assays: principles and practice. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 28(4):245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2009.05.012
Sharma SK, Tahir M, Mohan A et al (2006) Diagnostic accuracy of ascitic fluid IFN-gamma and adenosine deaminase assays in the diagnosis of tuberculous ascites. J Interf Cytokine Res 26(7):484–488. https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2006.26.484
Cho K, Cho E, Kwon S et al (2012) Factors associated with indeterminate and false negative results of QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube test in active tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 72(5):416–425. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2012.72.5.416
Tincati C, Cappione Iii AJ, Snyder-Cappione JE (2012) Distinguishing latent from active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection using Elispot assays: looking beyond interferon-gamma. Cell 1(2):89–99. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells1020089
Murakami S, Takeno M, Kobayashi M et al (2009) ELISPOT response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for diagnosing and monitoring tuberculosis patient therapy. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 83(3):229–235. https://doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.83.229
Zhang M, Wang H, Liao M et al (2010) Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccinated subjects in China by interferon-gamma ELISpot assay. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14(12):1556–1563
Hill PC, Brookes RH, Fox A et al (2007) Longitudinal assessment of an ELISpot test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS Med 4(6):e192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040192
Sibley LS, White AD, Marriott A et al (2012) ELISPOT refinement using spot morphology for assessing host responses to tuberculosis. Cell 1(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells1010005
Della Bella C, Spinicci M, Grassi A et al (2018) Novel M. tuberculosis specific IL-2 ELISpot assay discriminates adult patients with active or latent tuberculosis. PLoS One 13(6):e0197825. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197825
Manjaly Thomas ZR, Satti I, Marshall JL et al (2019) Alternate aerosol and systemic immunisation with a recombinant viral vector for tuberculosis, MVA85A: a phase I randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med 16(4):e1002790. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002790
Malyguine AM, Strobl S, Dunham K et al (2012) ELISpot assay for monitoring Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) activity in cancer vaccine clinical trials. Cell 1(2):111–126. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells1020111
Hanson J, Roen DR, Lehmann PV (2018) Four color ImmunoSpot((R)) assays for identification of effector T-cell lineages. Methods Mol Biol 1808:51–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8567-8_5
van Pul KM, Vuylsteke R, de Beijer MTA et al (2020) Breast cancer-induced immune suppression in the sentinel lymph node is effectively countered by CpG-B in conjunction with inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Immunother Cancer 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000761
Podaza E, Carri I, Aris M et al (2020) Evaluation of T-cell responses against shared melanoma associated antigens and predicted neoantigens in cutaneous melanoma patients treated with the CSF-470 allogeneic cell vaccine plus BCG and GM-CSF. Front Immunol 11:1147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01147
Bulgarelli J, Piccinini C, Petracci E et al (2021) Radiotherapy and high-dose Interleukin-2: clinical and immunological results of a proof of principle study in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 12:778459. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.778459
Negri D, Sestili P, Borghi M et al (2020) Enzyme-linked immunospot assay to monitor antigen-specific cellular immune responses in mouse tumor models. Methods Enzymol 632:457–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.058
Butterfield LH, Disis ML, Fox BA et al (2008) A systematic approach to biomarker discovery; preamble to “the iSBTc-FDA taskforce on immunotherapy biomarkers”. J Transl Med 6:81. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-6-81
Vanneman M, Dranoff G (2012) Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment. Nat Rev Cancer 12(4):237–251. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3237
Slota M, Lim JB, Dang Y et al (2011) ELISpot for measuring human immune responses to vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 10(3):299–306. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.10.169
Rodig SJ (2019) Detecting alkaline phosphatase-labeled cells. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019(4). https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot099721
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mishra, H.K. (2024). The Applications of ELISpot in the Identification and Treatment of Various Forms of Tuberculosis and in the Cancer Immunotherapies. In: Kalyuzhny, A.E. (eds) Handbook of ELISPOT . Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2768. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3690-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3690-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3689-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3690-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols