Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Innovative Second and Foreign Language Education in Southeast Asia

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Language and Education

  • 534 Accesses

Introduction

Southeast Asia, situated between India and China, represents approximately 9% of the world's population (580 million), and more than 15% of the world's languages. With a heritage of over 2,000 years, Southeast Asia contains all the religions and cultures of the world, giving it a distinctive character of cultural diversity and plurality. Modern Southeast Asia consists of ten countries belonging to the regional organization called the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) formed in 1967. With its population of more than half a billion, a total area of 4.5 million square kilometers, a combined gross domestic product of US$737 billion, and a total trade of US$720 billion, the ASEAN region cooperates on economic growth, social progress, and cultural development. Thumboo ( 1998) provides country studies of each ASEAN nation in terms of their rich cultures and the likely directions of their development.

Among the ten ASEAN countries comprising Brunei, Indonesia,...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abraham, S.: 1995, ‘Writing and the process of knowledge creation’, Topics in Language and Literature, Occasional Papers Series, Number 3, September 1995, Department of English Language and Literature, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu Samah, A: 1984, ‘The English language (communicational) curriculum for upper secondary schools in Malaysia: Rationale, design, and implementation’, in J.A.S. Read (ed.), Trends in English Language Syllabus Design, SEAMEO Regional Language Centre, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, D.: 1986, ‘The English language and Singapore: A critical survey’, in B. Kapur (ed.), Singapore Studies, Singapore University Press, Singapore, 407–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. (ed.): 2000, English in Southeast Asia '99: Proceedings of the Fourth “English in Southeast Asia” Conference held at the National Institute of Education, Singapore, 22–24 November 1999, Division of English Language and Applied Linguistics, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canagarajah, S.: 2002, ‘Globalization, methods and practice in periphery classrooms’, in D. Block D. and Cameron (eds.), Globalization and Language Teaching, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castillo, E.: 2003, ‘English language teaching in the Philippines today’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices, Eastern University Press, Singapore, 321–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheah, Y.: 2003, ‘English language teaching in Singapore today’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices, Eastern University Press, Singapore, 351–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chitravelu, N.: 1994, ‘Composition research in Malaysia: some observations’, in M.L. Tickoo (ed.), Research in Reading and Writing: A Southeast Asian Collection, Anthology Series 32, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 100–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, S.K. (ed.): 1995, INTELEC ‘94 Proceedings: International English Language Education, Language Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, S.K.: 2002, International Communication: English Language Challenges for Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.: 1982, ‘The Philippines: Identification of languages in the country’, in R.B. Noss (ed.), Language Teaching Issues in Multilingual Environments in Southeast Asia, Anthology Series 10, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 78–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.: 1983, ‘When does an error become a feature of Philippine English?’, in R.B. Noss (ed.), Varieties of English in Southeast Asia, Anthology Series 11, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 150–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinathan, S., Pakir, A., Ho, W.K., and Vanithamani S. (eds.): 1994, Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends, Times Academic Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinathan, S., Pakir, A., Ho W.K., and Vanithama S. (eds.): 1998, Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends, second edition., Times Academic Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinathan, S., Pakir, A., Ho W.K., and Vanithama S. (eds.): 2003, Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends third edition, Marshall Cavendish Academic, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haji Omar, A.: 1982, Language and Society in Malaysia, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, M.A.K.: 1978, ‘Some reflections on language education in multilingual societies’, in A. Yap (ed.), Language Education in Multilingual Societies, Anthology Series 4, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 103–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashim, A.: 2003, ‘Language policies and language education issues in Malaysia’, in J. Lindsay and Y.Y. Tan (eds.), Babel or Behemoth: Language Trends in Asia, Asia Research Institute, NUS, Singapore, 93–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, W.: 1994, ‘The English language curriculum in perspective: Exogenous influences and indigenization’, in S. Gopinathan, A. Pakir, W.K. Ho, and S. Vanithamani (eds.), Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends, Times Academic Press, Singapore, 235–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, W.: 2003, ‘Meeting the communicative demands in higher education curricula: An overview of ELT provision in tertiary institutions in Singapore’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices, Eastern University Press, Singapore, 395–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, W. and Wong, R. (eds.): 2003, Language Policies and Language Education: the Impact in East Asian Countries in the Next Decade, Eastern Universities Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, W. and Wong, R.: 2004, English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices, (second edition), Eastern University Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, J.: 1998, ‘Linguistic realities and pedagogical practices in Singapore: Another perspective’, in S. Gopinathan, A. Pakir, W.K. Ho, and S. Vanithama (eds.), Language, Society and Education in Singapore:Issues and Trends 2nd ed., Times Academic Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. and Ozog, C. (eds.): 1993, ‘Bilingualism and national development. Special issue’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 14, 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandiah, T. and Kwan‐Terry, J. (eds.): 1994, English and Language Planning: A Southeast Asian Contribution, Times Academic Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R. and Baldauf, R.: 2003, Language and Language‐ in‐ Education Planning in the Pacific Basin, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoo, R., Kreher, U., and Wong, R. (eds.): 1993, ‘Towards global multilingualism: European models and Asian realities. Special issue’, Language, Culture and Curriculum 6, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick, A.: 2000, ‘English as an Asian Language: implications for the English language curriculum’, in A. Brown, English in Southeast Asia 99, National Institute of Education, Singapore, 58–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, C.: 2003, ‘Developments in the English language syllabuses in Singapore’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices. 2nd Ed., Eastern University Press, Singapore, 375–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, J. and Tan, Y. (eds.): 2003, Babel or Behemoth: Language Trends in Asia, Asia Research Institute, NUS, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llamzon, T.: 1978, ‘The dimensions of cultural pluralism in language education’, in A. Yap (ed.), Language Education in Multilingual Societies, Anthology Series 4, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 80–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llamzon, T.: 1983, ‘Essential features of new varieties of English’, in R.B. Noss (ed.), Varieties of English in Southeast Asia. Anthology Series 11, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 92–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. and Kamsiah A.: 2004, ‘English language teaching in Brunei Darussalam: Continuity and change’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices. 2nd Ed., Eastern University Press, Singapore, 87–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLellan, J. and Othman, N.: 2000, ‘The myth of widespread English in Brunei Darussalam: A sociolinguistic investigation’, Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(1&2), 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, R.: 1994, ‘Reading and English acquisition programme (REAP)’, in M.L. Tickoo (ed.), Research in Reading and Writing: A Southeast Asian Collection, Anthology Series 32, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 30–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, S.: 1994, ‘Improving English in language learning in the upper primary levels in Brunei Darussalam’, in M.L. Tickoo (ed.), Research in Reading and Writing: A Southeast Asian Collection, Anthology Series 32, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 41–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R. (ed.): 1982, Language Teaching Issues in Multilingual Environments in Southeast Asia, Anthology Series 10, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R. (ed.): 1983, Varieties of English in Southeast Asia, Anthology Series II, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakir, A.: 1991, ‘The range and depth of English‐knowing bilinguals in Singapore’, World Englishes 10, 167–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pakir, A.: 1992a, ‘Issues in second language curriculum development: Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei’, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 13, 3–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pakir, A.: 1992b, ‘English‐knowing bilingualism in Singapore’, in Ban, Pakir and Tong, (eds), Imagining Singapore, Times Academic Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakir, A. (ed.): 1993a, The English Language in Singapore: Standards and Norms, UniPress, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakir, A.: 1993b, ‘Making bilingualism work: developments in bilingual education in ASEAN’, in R. Khoo et al. (eds.), Towards Global Multilingualism: European models and Asian realities, Special issue, Language, Culture and Curriculum 6(3), 209–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakir, A. and Low E.: 1995, ‘The teaching of writing in Singapore’, Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 6(112), 103–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandian, A.: 2004, ‘English language teaching in Malaysia today’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices. 2nd Ed., Eastern University Press, Singapore, 272–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieronek, F.: 2001, ‘Inservice project: Upper primary Brunei Darussalam teachers’ response to using four specific reading strategies’, The Reading Teacher 54(5), 522–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Platt, J. and Weber, H.: 1980, English in Singapore and Malaysia, Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibayan, B.: 1978, ‘Views on language and identity: Limited metro Manila example’, in A. Yap (ed.), Language Education in Multilingual Societies, Anthology Series 4, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 3–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunga, N.: 2003, ‘English language and the new curriculum in the Philippines: The re‐training of English teachers’, in W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds.), English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices, Eastern University Press, Singapore, 337–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tay, M.: 1993, The English Language in Singapore: Issues and Development, UniPress, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tay, M. and Gupta, A.: 1983, ‘Towards a description of standard Singapore English’, in R.B. Noss (ed.), Varieties of English in Southeast Asia, Anthology Series II, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 173‘189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thumboo, E. (ed.): 1998, Cultures in ASEAN and the 21 st Century, unipress, the Centre for the Arts, National University of Singapore for ASEAN-COCI, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tickoo, M.L. (ed.): 1994, Research in Reading and Writing: A Southeast Asian Collection, Anthology Series 32, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tickoo, M.L. (ed.): 1995, Reading and Writing: Theory into Practice, Anthology Series 35, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varghese, S.: 1994, ‘Reading and writing instruction in Singapore secondary schools’, in S. Gopinathan et al. (eds.), Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends, Times Academic Press, Singapore, 296–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varghese. S.: 1995, ‘Reflectiveness in text composing’, in M.L. Tickoo (ed.), Reading and Writing: Theory into Practice, Anthology Series 35. SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 72–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varghese, S.: 1998, ‘Reading and writing instruction in Singapore secondary schools’, in S. Gopinathan, A. Pakir, W.K. Ho, S. Vanithama (eds.), Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends 2nd ed., Times Academic Press, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, I.: 1983, ‘Simplification features in the structure of colloquial Malaysian English’, in R.B. Noss (ed.), Varieties of English in Southeast Asia, Anthology Series 11, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore, 125–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yap, A. (ed.): 1978, Language Education in Multilingual Societies, Anthology Series 4, SEAMEO RELC, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of English Language and Literature, National University of Singapore,  , Singapore

    Anne Pakir

Authors
  1. Anne Pakir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, 19104-6216, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Nancy H. Hornberger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this entry

Cite this entry

Pakir, A. (2008). Innovative Second and Foreign Language Education in Southeast Asia. In: Hornberger, N.H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_102

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_102

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-32875-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-30424-3

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation