Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nonhuman Primate Models of Ebola Virus Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Marburg- and Ebolaviruses

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 411))

Abstract

Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans is associated with four ebolaviruses: Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), and Taï Forest virus. To date, no documented cases of human disease have been associated with Reston virus. Here, we describe the nonhuman primate (NHP) models that currently serve as gold standards for testing ebolavirus vaccines and therapeutic agents and elucidating underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. Although multiple models have been explored over the past 50 years, the predominance of published work has been performed in macaque models. This chapter will focus on the most commonly used models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alfson KJ, Avena LE, Beadles MW, Staples H, Nunneley JW, Ticer A et al (2015) Particle-to-PFU ratio of Ebola virus influences disease course and survival in cynomolgus macaques. J Virol 89(13):6773–6781. doi:10.1128/jvi.00649-15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alves DA, Honko AN, Kortepeter MG, Sun M, Johnson JC, Lugo-Roman LA et al (2016) Necrotizing scleritis, conjunctivitis, and other pathologic findings in the left eye and brain of an Ebola virus-infected rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with apparent recovery and a delayed time of death. J Infect Dis 213(1):57–60. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv357

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baskerville A, Bowen ET, Platt GS, McArdell LB, Simpson DI (1978) The pathology of experimental Ebola virus infection in monkeys. J Pathol 125(3):131–138. doi:10.1002/path.1711250303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bellan SE, Pulliam JR, Dushoff J, Meyers LA (2014) Ebola control: effect of asymptomatic infection and acquired immunity. Lancet 384(9953):1499–1500. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61839-0

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bosio CM, Aman MJ, Grogan C, Hogan R, Ruthel G, Negley D et al (2003) Ebola and Marburg viruses replicate in monocyte-derived dendritic cells without inducing the production of cytokines and full maturation. J Infect Dis 188(11):1630–1638. doi:10.1086/379199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen ET, Platt GS, Simpson DI, McArdell LB, Raymond RT (1978a) Ebola haemorrhagic fever: experimental infection of monkeys. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72(2):188–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen ETW, Baskerville A, Cantell K, Mann GF, Simpson DIH, Zuckerman AJ (1978b) The effect of interferon on experimental Ebola virus infection in rhesus monkeys. In: Pattyn S (ed) Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 167–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Caballero IS, Honko AN, Gire SK, Winnicki SM, Mele M, Gerhardinger C et al (2016) In vivo Ebola virus infection leads to a strong innate response in circulating immune cells. BMC Genom 17:707. doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3060-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrion R Jr, Ro Y, Hoosien K, Ticer A, Brasky K, de la Garza M et al (2011) A small nonhuman primate model for filovirus-induced disease. Virology 420(2):117–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cenciarelli O, Gabbarini V, Pietropaoli S, Malizia A, Tamburrini A, Ludovici GM et al (2015) Viral bioterrorism: Learning the lesson of Ebola virus in West Africa 2013–2015. Virus Res 210:318–326. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.09.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charles River Laboratories International. Hartley guinea pig growth chart. Charles River Laboratories International, Wilminton, MA. 2016. http://www.criver.com/products-services/basic-research/find-a-model/hartley-guinea-pig#pricing. Accessed 23 Dec 2016

  • Christie A, Davies-Wayne GJ, Cordier-Lassalle T, Blackley DJ, Laney AS, Williams DE et al (2015) Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus—Liberia, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64(17):479–481

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chupurnov AA, Chernukhin IV, Ternovoi VA, Kudoiarova NM, Makhova NM, Azaev M et al (1995) Attempts to develop a vaccine against Ebola fever. Vopr Virusol 40(6):257–260

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crozier I (2016) Ebola virus RNA in the semen of male survivors of Ebola virus disease: the uncertain gravitas of a privileged persistence. J Infect Dis 214(10):1467–1469. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw079

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis KJ, Anderson AO, Geisbert TW, Steele KE, Geisbert JB, Vogel P et al (1997) Pathology of experimental Ebola virus infection in African green monkeys. Involvement of fibroblastic reticular cells. Arch Pathol Lab Med 121(8):805–819

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diallo B, Sissoko D, Loman NJ, Bah HA, Bah H, Worrell MC et al (2016) Resurgence of Ebola virus disease in Guinea linked to a survivor with virus persistence in seminal fluid for more than 500 days. Clin Infect Dis 63(10):1353–1356. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw601

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ebihara H, Rockx B, Marzi A, Feldmann F, Haddock E, Brining D et al (2011) Host response dynamics following lethal infection of rhesus macaques with Zaire ebolavirus. J Infect Dis 204(Suppl 3):S991–S999. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Falzarano D, Feldmann F, Grolla A, Leung A, Ebihara H, Strong JE et al (2011) Single immunization with a monovalent vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against heterologous challenge with Bundibugyo ebolavirus. J Infect Dis 204(Suppl 3):S1082–S1089. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir350

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher-Hoch SP, Brammer TL, Trappier SG, Hutwagner LC, Farrar BB, Ruo SL et al (1992) Pathogenic potential of filoviruses: role of geographic origin of primate host and virus strain. J Infect Dis 166(4):753–763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher-Hoch SP, Platt GS, Lloyd G, Simpson DI, Neild GH, Barrett AJ (1983) Haematological and biochemical monitoring of Ebola infection in rhesus monkeys: implications for patient management. Lancet 2(8358):1055–1058. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91041-3 [pii]

  • Fisher-Hoch SP, Platt GS, Neild GH, Southee T, Baskerville A, Raymond RT et al (1985) Pathophysiology of shock and hemorrhage in a fulminating viral infection (Ebola). J Infect Dis 152(5):887–894

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Daddario-Dicaprio KM, Geisbert JB, Reed DS, Feldmann F, Grolla A et al (2008a) Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with Ebola and Marburg viruses. Vaccine 26(52):6894–6900

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Williams KJ, Geisbert JB, Leung A, Feldmann F et al (2008b) Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector mediates postexposure protection against Sudan Ebola hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates. J Virol 82(11):5664–5668. doi:10.1128/jvi.00456-08

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Leung A, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Hensley LE, Grolla A et al (2009) Single-injection vaccine protects nonhuman primates against infection with Marburg virus and three species of Ebola virus. J Virol 83(14):7296–7304. doi:10.1128/JVI.00561-09

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Gibb TR, Steele KE, Jaax NK, Jahrling PB (2000) Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. Lab Invest 80(2):171–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Jahrling PB, Larsen T, Geisbert JB, Paragas J et al (2003a) Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys. Lancet 362(9400):1953–1958. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15012-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Larsen T, Young HA, Reed DS, Geisbert JB et al (2003b) Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection. Am J Pathol 163(6):2347–2370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Pushko P, Anderson K, Smith J, Davis KJ, Jahrling PB (2002) Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8(5):503–507. doi:10.3201/eid0805.010284

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, Davis KJ, Kagan E, Hensley LE (2003c) Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in Ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/macrophages is a key event. J Infect Dis 188(11):1618–1629

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geisbert TW, Young HA, Jahrling PB, Davis KJ, Larsen T, Kagan E et al (2003d) Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in primate models: evidence that hemorrhage is not a direct effect of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells. Am J Pathol 163(6):2371–2382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grubb P, Butynski T, Oates J, Bearder S, Disotell T, Groves C et al (2003) Assessment of the diversity of African primates. Int J Primatol 24(6):1301–1357. doi:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000005994.86792.b9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hensley L, Young H, Paragas J, Larsen T, Fisher R, Fritz E et al (2003) Pathogenesis of Ebola Hemorrhagic fever: the impact of viral infection of dendritic cells and other antigen presenting cells. Negative Strand Virus Meeting; Palazzo dei Congressi, Pisa, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Hensley LE, Mulangu S, Asiedu C, Johnson J, Honko AN, Stanley D et al (2010) Demonstration of cross-protective vaccine immunity against an emerging pathogenic Ebola virus species. PLoS Pathog 6(5):e1000904. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000904

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hensley LE, Stevens EL, Yan SB, Geisbert JB, Macias WL, Larsen T et al (2007) Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 196(Suppl 2):S390–S399

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hensley LE, Young HA, Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW (2002) Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate models: possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Immunol Lett 80(3):169–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ignatiev GM, Dadaeva AA, Luchko SV, Chepurnov AA (2000) Immune and pathophysiological processes in baboons experimentally infected with Ebola virus adapted to guinea pigs. Immunol Lett 71(2):131–140. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(99)00169-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ilinykh PA, Lubaki NM, Widen SG, Renn LA, Theisen TC, Rabin RL et al (2015) Different temporal effects of Ebola virus VP35 and VP24 proteins on global gene expression in human dendritic cells. J Virol 89(15):7567–7583. doi:10.1128/jvi.00924-15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jaax NK, Davis KJ, Geisbert TJ, Vogel P, Jaax GP, Topper M et al (1996) Lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure. Arch Pathol Lab Med 120(2):140–155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jahrling PB, Geisbert J, Swearengen JR, Jaax GP, Lewis T, Huggins JW et al (1996) Passive immunization of Ebola virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys with immunoglobulin from hyperimmune horses. Arch Virol Suppl 11:135–140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Swearengen JR, Bray M, Jaax NK et al (1999) Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections. J Infect Dis 179(Suppl 1):S224–S234. doi:10.1086/514310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson BK, Gitau LG, Gichogo A, Tukei PM, Else JG, Suleman MA et al (1982) Marburg, Ebola and rift valley fever virus antibodies in East African primates. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76(3):307–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson E, Jaax N, White J, Jahrling P (1995) Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus. Int J Exp Pathol 76(4):227–236

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson J, Lewis B, Reed C, Mucker E, Hensley L, Honko A (2015) Comparison of Sudan virus variants Yambio and Gulu in cynomolgus macaques to support non-clinical testing of filovirus medical countermeasures. In: 7th international symposium on Filoviruses—Ebola West Africa and Recent Developments. Washington, DC 2015, p 058A

    Google Scholar 

  • Kortepeter MG, Lawler JV, Honko A, Bray M, Johnson JC, Purcell BK et al (2011) Real-time monitoring of cardiovascular function in rhesus macaques infected with Zaire ebolavirus. J Infect Dis 204(Suppl 3):S1000–S1010. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kudoyarova-Zubavichene NM, Sergeyev NN, Chepurnov AA, Netesov SV (1999) Preparation and use of hyperimmune serum for prophylaxis and therapy of Ebola virus infections. J Infect Dis 179(Suppl 1):S218–S223. doi:10.1086/514294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn JH (2015) Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus infections. In: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL (eds) Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 19 ed. McGraw-Hill Education, Columbus, pp 1323–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen T, Stevens EL, Davis KJ, Geisbert JB, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Jahrling PB et al (2007) Pathologic findings associated with delayed death in nonhuman primates experimentally infected with Zaire Ebola virus. J Infect Dis 196(Suppl 2):S323–S328

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy EM, Baize S, Debre P, Lansoud-Soukate J, Mavoungou E (2001) Early immune responses accompanying human asymptomatic Ebola infections. Clin Exp Immunol 124(3):453–460

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy EM, Telfer P, Kumulungui B, Yaba P, Rouquet P, Roques P et al (2004) A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis 190(11):1895–1899. doi:10.1086/425421

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludtke A, Ruibal P, Becker-Ziaja B, Rottstegge M, Wozniak DM, Cabeza-Cabrerizo M et al (2016) Ebola virus disease is characterized by poor activation and reduced levels of circulating CD16+ monocytes. J Infect Dis 214(suppl 3):S275–S280. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mate SE, Kugelman JR, Nyenswah TG, Ladner JT, Wiley MR, Cordier-Lassalle T et al (2015) Molecular evidence of sexual transmission of Ebola virus. N Engl J Med 373(25):2448–2454. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1509773

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Melanson VR, Kalina WV, Williams P (2015) Ebola virus infection induces irregular dendritic cell gene expression. Viral Immunol 28(1):42–50. doi:10.1089/vim.2014.0091

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhailov VV, Borisevich IV, Chernikova NK, Potryvaeva NV, Krasnianskii VP (1994) The evaluation in hamadryas baboons of the possibility for the specific prevention of Ebola fever. Vopr Virusol 39(2):82–84

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mire CE, Geisbert JB, Agans KN, Deer DJ, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW (2016) Oral and conjunctival exposure of nonhuman primates to low doses of Ebola Makona virus. J Infect Dis 214(suppl 3):S263–S267. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw149

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Osterholm MT, Moore KA, Kelley NS, Brosseau LM, Wong G, Murphy FA et al (2015) Transmission of Ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know. mBio 6(2):e00137. doi:10.1128/mBio.00137-15

  • Pfeifer S (2017) The demographic and adaptive history of the African green monkey. Mol Biol Evol. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx056

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt WD, Wang D, Nichols DK, Luo M, Woraratanadharm J, Dye JM et al (2010) Protection of nonhuman primates against two species of Ebola virus infection with a single complex adenovirus vector. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17(4):572–581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reed DS, Lackemeyer MG, Garza NL, Sullivan LJ, Nichols DK (2011) Aerosol exposure to Zaire ebolavirus in three nonhuman primate species: differences in disease course and clinical pathology. Microbes Infect 13(11):930–936. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.05.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson ET, Kelly JD, Barrie MB, Mesman AW, Karku S, Quiwa K et al (2016) Minimally symptomatic infection in an Ebola ‘hotspot’: a cross-sectional serorosurvey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 10(11):e0005087. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005087

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rubins KH, Hensley LE, Wahl-Jensen V, Daddario DiCaprio KM, Young HA, Reed DS et al (2007) The temporal program of peripheral blood gene expression in the response of nonhuman primates to Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Genome Biol 8(8):R174. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-8-r174

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ryabchikova EI, Kolesnikova LV, Luchko SV (1999a) An analysis of features of pathogenesis in two animal models of Ebola virus infection. J Infect Dis 179(Suppl 1):S199–S202. doi:10.1086/514293

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryabchikova EI, Kolesnikova LV, Netesov SV (1999b) Animal pathology of filoviral infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 235:145–173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shearer MH, Dark RD, Chodosh J, Kennedy RC (1999) Comparison and characterization of immunoglobulin G subclasses among primate species. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6(6):953–958

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smither SJ, Nelson M, Eastaugh L, Laws TR, Taylor C, Smith SA et al (2013) Experimental respiratory Marburg virus haemorrhagic fever infection in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Int J Exp Pathol 94(2):156–168. doi:10.1111/iep.12018

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smither SJ, Nelson M, Eastaugh L, Nunez A, Salguero FJ, Lever MS (2015) Experimental respiratory infection of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with Ebola virus Kikwit. J Infect Dis 212(Suppl 2):S336–S345. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv371

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan NJ, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Xu L, Yang ZY, Roederer M et al (2003) Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates. Nature 424(6949):681–684. doi:10.1038/nature01876

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan NJ, Sanchez A, Rollin PE, Yang ZY, Nabel GJ (2000) Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates. Nature 408(6812):605–609. doi:10.1038/35046108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thi EP, Lee AC, Geisbert JB, Ursic-Bedoya R, Agans KN, Robbins M et al (2016) Rescue of non-human primates from advanced Sudan ebolavirus infection with lipid encapsulated siRNA. Nat Microbiol. 1(10):16142. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thi EP, Mire CE, Lee AC, Geisbert JB, Zhou JZ, Agans KN et al (2015) Lipid nanoparticle siRNA treatment of Ebola-virus-Makona-infected nonhuman primates. Nature 521(7552):362–365. doi:10.1038/nature14442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trefry JC, Wollen SE, Nasar F, Shamblin JD, Kern SJ, Bearss JJ et al (2015) Ebola virus infections in nonhuman primates are temporally influenced by glycoprotein poly-u editing site populations in the exposure material. Viruses 7(12):6739–6754. doi:10.3390/v7122969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Twenhafel NA, Mattix ME, Johnson JC, Robinson CG, Pratt WD, Cashman KA et al (2013) Pathology of experimental aerosol Zaire ebolavirus infection in rhesus macaques. Vet Pathol 50(3):514–529. doi:10.1177/0300985812469636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Product development under the animal rule: guidance for industry. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. 2015. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm399217.pdf. Accessed 20 December 2016

  • Warfield KL, Dye JM, Wells JB, Unfer RC, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S et al (2015) Homologous and heterologous protection of nonhuman primates by Ebola and Sudan virus-like particles. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0118881. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118881

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Willet M, Kurup D, Papaneri A, Wirblich C, Hooper JW, Kwilas SA et al (2015) Preclinical development of inactivated rabies virus-based polyvalent vaccine against rabies and filoviruses. J Infect Dis 212(Suppl 2):S414–S424. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv251

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wollen SE, Trefry J, Pitt M, Honko A (2015) Confirmation of virulence of Sudan ebolavirus, Gulu variant, in cynomolgus macaques as a result of aerosol exposure. In: Pierson T, Bosio C (eds). ASM biodefense and emerging diseases research meeting; Washington Marriott Wardman Park Hotel, Washington DC. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, Poster #171A

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. Situation report: Ebola virus disease—10 June 2016. World Health Organization, Geneva, CH. 2016. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/208883/1/ebolasitrep_10Jun2016_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 20 Dec 2016

  • Yen B, Mulder LC, Martinez O, Basler CF (2014) Molecular basis for ebolavirus VP35 suppression of human dendritic cell maturation. J Virol 88(21):12500–12510. doi:10.1128/jvi.02163-14

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zumbrun EE, Bloomfield HA, Dye JM, Hunter TC, Dabisch PA, Garza NL et al (2012) A characterization of aerosolized Sudan virus infection in African green monkeys, cynomolgus macaques, and rhesus macaques. Viruses 4(10):2115–2136. doi:10.3390/v4102115

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Donna Perry for providing the gross and histology images, John Bernbaum for providing the electron microscopy images, and Jiro Wada for figure preparation, respectively. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. This work was funded in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I. R.S.B. and L.B. performed this work as employees of Battelle Memorial Institute. L.M.H. preformed this work as an employee of Charles River Laboratories, a subcontractor to Battelle Memorial Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA

    Richard S. Bennett, Louis M. Huzella, Peter B. Jahrling, Laura Bollinger & Lisa E. Hensley

  2. Department of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Gene G. Olinger Jr

Authors
  1. Richard S. Bennett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Louis M. Huzella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter B. Jahrling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Laura Bollinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gene G. Olinger Jr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lisa E. Hensley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisa E. Hensley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Elke Mühlberger

  2. NIAID, National Institutes of Health NIAID, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Lisa L. Hensley

  3. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Jonathan S. Towner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bennett, R.S., Huzella, L.M., Jahrling, P.B., Bollinger, L., Olinger, G.G., Hensley, L.E. (2017). Nonhuman Primate Models of Ebola Virus Disease. In: Mühlberger, E., Hensley, L., Towner, J. (eds) Marburg- and Ebolaviruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 411. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2017_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation