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Controlling Autolysis During Flagella Insertion in Gram-Negative Bacteria

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Protein Reviews

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((PROTRE,volume 925))

Abstract

The flagellum is an important macromolecular machine for many pathogenic bacteria. It is a hetero-oligomeric structure comprised of three major sub-structures: basal body, hook and thin helical filament. An important step during flagellum assembly is the localized and controlled degradation of the peptidoglycan sacculus to allow for the insertion of the rod as well as to facilitate anchoring for proper motor function. The peptidoglycan lysis events require specialized lytic enzymes, β-N-acetylglucosaminidases and lytic transglycosylases, which differ in flagellated proteobacteria. Due to their autolytic activity, these enzymes need to be controlled in order to prevent cellular lysis. This review summarizes are current understanding of the peptidoglycan lysis events required for flagellum assembly and motility with a main focus on Gram-negative bacteria.

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Abbreviations

PG:

peptidoglycan

MurNAc:

N-acetylmuramic acid

GlcNAc:

N-acetylglucosamine

PBP:

penicillin-binding proteins

LT:

lytic transglycosylase

T3SS:

type three secretion system

Mot:

motor

OmpA:

outer membrane protein A

PGB:

peptidoglycan binding

Mlt:

membrane-bound lytic transglycosylases

Slt:

soluble lytic transglycosylases

GH:

glycoside hydrolase

StFlgJ:

Salmonella Typhimurium FlgJ

PDB:

Protein Data Bank

SAC:

substrate-assisted catalysis

RlpA:

rare lipoprotein A

1,6-anhydroMurNAc:

1,6-anhydromuramic acid

NAG thiazoline:

N-acetylglucosamine thiazoline.

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Acknowledgements

Research on the lytic transglycosylases and their control continues to be funded by an operating grant to AJC from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; RGPN 03965–2016).

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada

    Francesca A. Herlihey & Anthony J. Clarke

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  1. Francesca A. Herlihey
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Correspondence to Anthony J. Clarke .

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  1. Biochem and Mol Biol, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    M. Zouhair Atassi

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Herlihey, F.A., Clarke, A.J. (2016). Controlling Autolysis During Flagella Insertion in Gram-Negative Bacteria. In: Atassi, M. (eds) Protein Reviews. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 925. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_52

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