Skip to main content

Merging a Gravimetric Model of the Geoid with GPS/Levelling data : an Example in Belgium

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: International Association of Geodesy Symposia ((IAG SYMPOSIA,volume 129))

Abstract

A new model of the gravimetric quasi-geoid covering Belgium was computed in 2003. In order to adapt it to the needs of levelling by GPS, it was necessary to fit it to a set of levelled GPS points embodying the Belgian geodetic and levelling reference systems. A dense network was available, allowing significant methodological and statistical studies on how to model differences between the gravimetric geoid and the levelled GPS points. A method using kriging with the outlier detection in GPS-levelling data was applied. Several models of trend and covariance functions were tested. A reference surface dedicated to levelling by GPS in Belgium is presented, the accuracy of which is about 2–2.5 cm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Barzaghi R., A. Borghi, B. Ducarme and M. Everaerts (2004). Quasi-geoid BG03 computation in Belgium. In: Newton’s Bulletin Nr 1, BGI & IGeS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chilès J.P. and P. Delfiner (1999). Geostatistics. Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duquenne H. (1999). Comparison and Combination of a Gravimetric Quasigeoid with a Levelled GPS Data Set by Statistical Analysis. Phys. Chem. Earth (A) 24:1, 79–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg R., G. Strykowski, J.C. Iliffe, M. Ziebart, P.A. Cross, C.C. Tscherning, P. Cruddace, K. Stewart, C. Bray, O. Finch (2002). OSGM02: a new geoid model of the British Isles. In: Gravity and Geoid 2002, 3rd Meeting of the IGGC, Ziti Edition, Thessaloniki, Greece.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotsakis J. and M.G. Sideris (1999). On the adjustment of combined GPS/levelling/geoid networks. J Geod 73: 412–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marti U., A. Schlatter, E. Brockmann and A. Wiget (2001). The Way to a Consistent National Height System for Swizerland. In: IAG Symposia 125: Vistas for Geodesy in the New Millennium, Springer 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz H. (1989). Advanced Physical Geodesy. Wichmann, Karlsruhe, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pâquet P., Z. Jiang and M. Everaerts (1996). A new Belgian geoid determination BG96. In: IAG Symposia 117: Gravity, Geoid and Marine Geodesy, Springer 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith D.A. and D.G. Milbert (1999). The GEOID96 high-resolution geoid height model for the United States. J Geod 73: 219–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, G. (1998). Ultra high degree geopotential model GPM3E97A to degree 1800 tailored to Europe. In: M. Vermeer and J. Adam (Editors): Proceedings Second Continental Workshop on the Geoid in Europe. Reports of the Finnish Geodetic Institute 98:4, pp. 71–80, Marsala, Finland.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Duquenne, H., Everaerts, M., Lambot, P. (2005). Merging a Gravimetric Model of the Geoid with GPS/Levelling data : an Example in Belgium. In: Jekeli, C., Bastos, L., Fernandes, J. (eds) Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, vol 129. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26932-0_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics