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Islet Inflammation and β Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes

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From Obesity to Diabetes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 274))

Abstract

Pancreatic islets are the body’s central rheostat that regulates glucose homeostasis through the production of different hormones, including β cell-derived insulin. During obesity-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D), islet β cells become dysfunctional and inadequate insulin secretion no longer ensures glycemic control. T2D is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation that manifests in several metabolic organs including the pancreatic islets. Growing evidence suggests that components of the innate immune system, and especially macrophages, play a crucial role in regulating islet homeostasis. Yet, the phenotypes and functions of islet macrophages in physiology and during T2D have only started to attract attention and remain unclear. In this review, the current knowledge about islet inflammation and macrophages will be summarized in humans and rodent models. Recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in islet remodeling and β cell function during obesity and T2D will be discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the ATIP-Avenir and Emergence (Ville de Paris) Programmes and the EFSD/Novo Nordisk Programme for Diabetes Research in Europe to ED.

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Nothing to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France

    Joyceline Cuenco & Elise Dalmas

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  1. Joyceline Cuenco
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  2. Elise Dalmas
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Correspondence to Elise Dalmas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Juergen Eckel

  2. NutriOmique Research group, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université/INSERM, Paris, France

    Karine Clément

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Cuenco, J., Dalmas, E. (2022). Islet Inflammation and β Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. In: Eckel, J., Clément, K. (eds) From Obesity to Diabetes. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 274. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_571

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