Abstract
The IMS Global Learning Consortium developed the QTI (Question and Test Interoperability) specification to allow the exchange of question and test data, and their corresponding result reports, between learning systems. QTI 1.2 had some accessibility issues, as the VISUAL project discovered when transforming QTI tests into accessible HTML and voice user interfaces. Some problems were due to an insufficient mechanism to specify alternative text, other problems were due to the ambiguity of the intent of certain interaction types. QTI 2.0 solved the issue of alternative text, but the ambiguity with regard to the intent of interaction types was not sufficiently addressed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AERA, APA & NCME: Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Washington DC: American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Associations, National Council on Measurement in Education (1999)
Barstow, C., McKell, M., Rothberg, M., Schmidt, C. (eds.): IMS Guidelines for Developing Accessible Learning Applications. White Paper (June 27, 2002), Available at http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accv1p0/imsacc_guidev1p0.html
Chisholm, W., Vanderheiden, G., Jacobs, I. (eds.): Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 – W3C Recommendation (5-May-1999), Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT
Dardailler, D., Palmer, S.B., McCathieNevile, C. (eds.): XML Accessibility Guidelines – W3C Working Draft (October 3, 2002), Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xag-20021003
Dubinko, M., Klotz Jr., L.L., Merrick, R., Raman T.V. (eds.): XForms 1.0 – W3C Recommendation (October 14, 2003), Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xforms-20031014/
Jackl, A. (ed.): IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Best Practice and Implementation Guide. Version 1.0. Final Specification (July 12, 2004), Available at http://www.imsglobal.org/acclip/acclipv1p0/imsacclip_bestv1p0.html
Lay, S. (ed.): IMS Question and Test Interoperability Implementation Guide. Version 2.0. Final specification (January 24, 2005), Available at http://www.imsglobal.org/question/qti_v2p0/imsqti_implv2p0.html
Lay, S. (ed.): IMS Question and Test Interoperability Overview. Version 2.0. Final specification (January 24, 2005), Available at http://www.imsglobal.org/question/qti_v2p0/imsqti_oviewv2p0.html
Norton, M., Treviranus, J. (eds.): IMS Learner Information Package Accessibility for LIP Best Practice and Implementation Guide. Version 1.0. Final Specification (June 18, 2003), Available at http://www.imsglobal.org/acclip/acclipv1p0/imsacclip_bestv1p0.html
Sharpe, K., Earle, S.: Assessment, Disability and the Problem of Compensation. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 25(2), 191–199 (2000)
Smythe, C., Shepherd, E., Brewer, L., Lay, S. (eds.): IMS Question and Test Interoperability: ASI Best Practice & Implementation Guide. Version 1.2. Final Specification (February 11, 2002), Available at http://www.imsglobal.org/question/v1p2/imsqti_asi_bestv1p2.html
Smythe, C., Shepherd, E., Brewer, L., Lay, S. (eds.): IMS Question and Test Interoperability: ASI Information Model Specification. Version 1.2. Final Specification (February 11, 2002), Available at: http://www.imsglobal.org/question/v1p2/imsqti_asi_infov1p2.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Strobbe, C. (2006). Accessibility Issues in Two Specifications for E-Learning Tests: IMS QTI 1.2 and IMS QTI 2.0. In: Miesenberger, K., Klaus, J., Zagler, W.L., Karshmer, A.I. (eds) Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4061. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11788713_81
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11788713_81
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-36020-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36021-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)