Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods

IFM 2005: Integrated Formal Methods pp 70–88Cite as

Exp.Open 2.0: A Flexible Tool Integrating Partial Order, Compositional, and On-The-Fly Verification Methods

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 3771))

Abstract

It is desirable to integrate formal verification techniques applicable to different languages. We present Exp.Open 2.0, a new tool of the Cadp verification toolbox which combines several features. First, Exp.Open 2.0 allows to describe concurrent systems as a composition of finite state machines, using either synchronization vectors, or parallel composition, hiding, renaming, and cut operators from several process algebras (Ccs, Csp, Lotos, E-Lotos, μ Crl).Second, together with other tools of Cadp, Exp.Open 2.0 allows state space generation and on-the-fly exploration. Third, Exp.Open 2.0 implements on-the-fly partial order reductions to avoid the generation of irrelevant interleavings of independent transitions.Fourth, Exp.Open 2.0 allows to export models towards other tools using interchange formats such as automata networks and Petri nets.Finally, we show some practical applications and measure the efficiency of Exp.Open 2.0 on several benchmarks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arnold, A.: MEC: A System for Constructing and Analysing Transition Systems. In: Sifakis, J. (ed.) CAV 1989. LNCS, vol. 407, pp. 117–132. Springer, Heidelberg (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  2. A bird’s eye view of JACK. Web page of the JACK project at CNR Pisa, http://fmt.isti.cnr.it/jack/OLD_JACK_PAGES/JACK/structure.html

  3. Barros, T., Henrio, L., Madelaine, E.: Behavioural Models for Hierarchical Components, Submitted to the 12th International SPIN Workshop on Model Checking of Software (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Behrmann, G., Larsen, K.G., Pelánek, R.: To Store or Not to Store. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 433–445. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Bergamini, D., Descoubes, N., Joubert, C., Mateescu, R.: BISIMULATOR: A Modular Tool for On-the-Fly Equivalence Checking. In: Halbwachs, N., Zuck, L.D. (eds.) TACAS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3440, pp. 581–585. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Best, E., Esparza, J., Grahlmann, B., Melzer, S., Römer, S., Wallner, F.: The PEP verification system. In: Proceedings of FEmSys 1997 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Blom, S., van de Pol, J.: State Space Reduction by Proving Confluence. In: Brinksma, E., Larsen, K.G. (eds.) CAV 2002. LNCS, vol. 2404, p. 596. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Bouali, A., Ressouche, A., Roy, V., de Simone, R.: The Fc2Tools set: a Toolset for the Verification of Concurrent Systems. In: Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A. (eds.) CAV 1996. LNCS, vol. 1102. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cheung, K.H.: Compositional Analysis of Complex Distributed Systems. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cheung, S.C., Kramer, J.: Enhancing Compositional Reachability Analysis with Context Constraints. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA, pp. 115–125. ACM Press, New York (1993)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Cheung, S.C., Kramer, J.: Compositional Reachability Analysis of Finite-State Distributed Systems with User-Specified Constraints. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 140–150. ACM Press, New York (1995)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Cheung, S.C., Kramer, J.: Context Constraints for Compositional Reachability. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering Methodology TOSEM 5(4), 334–377 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Christensen, S., Petrucci, L.: Modular State Space Analysis of Coloured Petri Nets. In: DeMichelis, G., Díaz, M. (eds.) ICATPN 1995. LNCS, vol. 935. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fernandez, J.-C.: ALDEBARAN : un système de vérification par réduction de processus communicants. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fernandez, J.-C., Jard, C., Jéron, T., Mounier, L.: On the Fly” Verification of Finite Transition Systems. Formal Methods in System Design (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fernandez, J.-C., Mounier, L.: Verifying Bisimulations On the Fly. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Formal Description Techniques FORTE 1990, Madrid, Spain. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Garavel, H.: OPEN/CÆSAR: An Open Software Architecture for Verification, Simulation, and Testing. In: Steffen, B. (ed.) TACAS 1998. LNCS, vol. 1384, pp. 68–84. Springer, Heidelberg (1998); Full version available as INRIA Research Report RR-3352

    Google Scholar 

  18. Garavel, H., Lang, F.: SVL: a Scripting Language for Compositional Verification. In: Proceedings of the 21st IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems FORTE 2001, Cheju Island, Korea. IFIP, pp. 377–392. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2001); Full version available as INRIA Research Report RR-4223

    Google Scholar 

  19. Garavel, H., Lang, F., Mateescu, R.: An Overview of CADP 2001. European Association for Software Science and Technology (EASST) Newsletter, 4,13–24, 2002. Also available as INRIA Technical Report RT-0254 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Garavel, H., Mateescu, R.: SEQ.OPEN: A Tool for Efficient Trace-Based Verification. In: Graf, S., Mounier, L. (eds.) SPIN 2004. LNCS, vol. 2989, pp. 150–155. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Garavel, H., Mateescu, R., Smarandache, I.: Parallel State Space Construction for Model-Checking. In: Dwyer, M.B. (ed.) SPIN 2001. LNCS, vol. 2057, pp. 217–234. Springer, Heidelberg (2001); Revised version available as INRIA Research Report RR-4341

    Google Scholar 

  22. Garavel, H., Sifakis, J.: Compilation and Verification of LOTOS Specifications. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification, Ottawa, Canada. IFIP, pp. 379–394. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Garavel, H., Sighireanu, M.: A Graphical Parallel Composition Operator for Process Algebras. In: Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols, and Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification FORTE/PSTV 1999, Beijing, China. IFIP, pp. 185–202. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gerth, R., Kuiper, R., Penczek, W., Peled, D.: A Partial Order Approach to Branching Time Logic Model Checking. Information and Computation 150(2), 132–152 (1999); A short version of this paper was previously published at the Third Israel Symposium on Theory of Computing and Systems ISTCS (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Giannakopoulou, D.: Model Checking for Concurrent Software Architectures. PhD thesis, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine — University of London — Department of Computer Science (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Godefroid, P.: Using Partial Orders to Improve Automatic Verification Methods. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computer-Aided Verification, Rutgers, New Jersey, USA. DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 3, pp. 321–340. AMS-ACM (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Graf, S., Steffen, B., Lüttgen, G.: Compositional Minimisation of Finite State Systems using Interface Specifications. Formal Aspects of Computation 8(5), 607–616 (1996)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Graf, S., Steffen, B.: Compositional Minimization of Finite State Systems. In: Clarke, E., Kurshan, R.P. (eds.) CAV 1990. LNCS, vol. 531, pp. 186–196. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Groote, J.F., Monin, F., Springintveld, J.: A Computer Checked Algebraic Verification of a Distributed Summation Algorithm. Computer Science Report 97/14, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Groote, J.F., van de Pol, J.: State Space Reduction using Partial τ-Confluence. In: Nielsen, M., Rovan, B. (eds.) MFCS 2000. LNCS, vol. 1893, pp. 383–393. Springer, Heidelberg (2000); Also available as CWI Technical Report SEN-R0008, Amsterdam (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Groote, J.F., Ponse, A.: Syntax and semantics of μ-CRL. In: Algebra of Communicating Processes, Workshops in Computing, pp. 26–62 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Groote, J.F., Sellink, M.P.A.: Confluence for process verification. Theoretical Computer Science 170(1–2), 47–81 (1996)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Hansen, H., Penczek, W., Valmari, A.: Stuttering-Insensitive Automata for On-the-fly Detection of Livelock Properties. In: 7th International ERCIM Workshop in Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 66 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hansen, H., Virtanen, H., Valmari, A.: Merging State-Based and Action-Based Verification. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hermanns, H.: Interactive Markov Chains. LNCS, vol. 2428, p. 129. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Hermanns, H., Siegle, M.: Bisimulation Algorithms for Stochastic Process Algebras and their BDD-based Implementation. In: Katoen, J.-P. (ed.) AMAST-ARTS 1999, ARTS 1999, and AMAST-WS 1999. LNCS, vol. 1601, pp. 244–265. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Holzmann, G.: The Model Checker SPIN. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 23(5), 279–295 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  38. Holzmann, G.J.: On-The-Fly Model Checking. ACM Computing Surveys 28(4) (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  39. ISO/IEC. LOTOS — A Formal Description Technique Based on the Temporal Ordering of Observational Behaviour. International Standard 8807, International Organization for Standardization — Information Processing Systems — Open Systems Interconnection, Genève (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  40. ISO/IEC. Enhancements to LOTOS (E-LOTOS). International Standard 15437:2001, International Organization for Standardization — Information Technology, Genève (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Jéron, T., Morel, P.: Test generation derived from model-checking. In: Halbwachs, N., Peled, D.A. (eds.) CAV 1999. LNCS, vol. 1633, pp. 108–121. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. Krimm, J.-P., Mounier, L.: Compositional State Space Generation from LOTOS Programs. In: Brinksma, E. (ed.) TACAS 1997. LNCS, vol. 1217, Springer, Heidelberg (1997); Extended version with proofs available as Research Report VERIMAG RR97-01

    Google Scholar 

  43. Lang, F.: The Exp.Open 2.0 manual page, Available online (2004), at http://www.inrialpes.fr/vasy/cadp/man/exp.open.html

  44. Malhotra, J., Smolka, S.A., Giacalone, A., Shapiro, R.: A Tool for Hierarchical Design and Simulation of Concurrent Systems. In: Proceedings of the BCS-FACS Workshop on Specification and Verification of Concurrent Systems, Stirling, Scotland, pp. 140–152. British Computer Society, Swinton (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mateescu, R.: A Generic On-the-Fly Solver for Alternation-Free Boolean Equation Systems. In: Garavel, H., Hatcliff, J. (eds.) TACAS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2619, pp. 81–96. Springer, Heidelberg (2003); Full version available as INRIA Research Report RR-4711

    Google Scholar 

  46. Mateescu, R., Sighireanu, M.: Efficient On-the-Fly Model-Checking for Regular Alternation-Free Mu-Calculus. Science of Computer Programming 46(3), 255–281 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  47. Milner, R.: Communication and Concurrency. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  48. Pace, G., Lang, F., Mateescu, R.: Calculating τ-Confluence Compositionally. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 446–459. Springer, Heidelberg (2003); Full version available as INRIA Research Report RR-4918

    Google Scholar 

  49. Peled, D.: Partial Order Reduction: Linear and Branching Temporal Logics and Process Algebras. In: Peled, et al. (eds.) [51]

    Google Scholar 

  50. Peled, D.A.: Combining partial order reduction with on-the-fly model-checking. In: Dill, D.L. (ed.) CAV 1994. LNCS, vol. 818. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Peled, D.A., Pratt, V.R., Holzmann, G.J. (eds.): Proceedings of the Workshop on Partial Order Methods in Verification. Dimacs Series in Discrete Mathematics, vol. 29 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ramakrishna, Y.S., Smolka, S.A.: Partial-Order Reduction in the Weak Modal Mu-Calculus. In: Mazurkiewicz, A., Winkowski, J. (eds.) CONCUR 1997. LNCS, vol. 1243, pp. 5–24. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Romijn, J.: Model Checking the HAVi Leader Election Protocol. Technical Report SEN-R9915, CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, submitted to Formal Methods in System Design (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Roscoe, A.W.: The Theory and Practice of Concurrency. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Sabnani, K.K., Lapone, A.M., Uyar, M.U.: An Algorithmic Procedure for Checking Safety Properties of Protocols. IEEE Transactions on Communications 37(9), 940–948 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Tai, K.C., Koppol, V.: Hierarchy-Based Incremental Reachability Analysis of Communication Protocols. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, San Francisco, CA, pp. 318–325. IEEE Press, Piscataway (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Valmari, A.: A Stubborn Attack on State Explosion. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computer-Aided Verification, Rutgers, New Jersey, USA. DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 3, pp. 25–42. AMS-ACM (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Valmari, A.: Stubborn Set Methods for Process Algebras. In: Peled, et al. (eds.) [51]

    Google Scholar 

  59. Valmari, A., Kemppainen, J., Clegg, M., Levanto, M.: Putting Advanced Reachability Analysis Techniques Together: the “ARA” Tool. In: Larsen, P.G., Woodcock, J.C.P. (eds.) FME 1993. LNCS, vol. 670, pp. 597–616. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  60. Valmari, A.: Compositional State Space Generation. In: Rozenberg, G. (ed.) APN 1993. LNCS, vol. 674, pp. 427–457. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  61. van de Pol, J.: Proof using the PVS theorem prover that bisimulations are congruences for synchronization vectors that do not rename, cut, nor synchronize τ-transitions. Personal communication (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  62. van Glabbeek, R.J., Weijland, W.P.: Branching-Time and Abstraction in Bisimulation Semantics (extended abstract). CS R8911, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, 1989. Also in proc. IFIP 11th World Computer Congress, San Francisco (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Yeh, W.J.: Controlling State Explosion in Reachability Analysis. PhD thesis, Software Engineering Research Center (SERC) Laboratory, Purdue University, Technical Report SERC-TR-147-P (1993)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRIA Rhône-Alpes / VASY, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38334 Cedex, Saint-Ismier, France

    Frédéric Lang

Authors
  1. Frédéric Lang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600, Eindhoven, MB, The Netherlands

    Judi Romijn

  2. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, 4072, Australia

    Graeme Smith

  3. Formal Methods and Tools, Department of Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Jaco van de Pol

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lang, F. (2005). Exp.Open 2.0: A Flexible Tool Integrating Partial Order, Compositional, and On-The-Fly Verification Methods. In: Romijn, J., Smith, G., van de Pol, J. (eds) Integrated Formal Methods. IFM 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3771. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11589976_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11589976_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30492-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32240-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation