Abstract
Neoplastic transformation is associated with alterations of the ion transports across plasma and intracellular membranes. These alterations are crucial elements of the phenotypical reprogramming of the transformed cells and may promote adaptation to hypoxia, malignant progression, tumor spreading and metastasis, as well as therapy resistance. The present review article focuses on ion transport processes in tumor cells that are induced by ionizing radiation and that contribute to radioresistance and therapy failure. In particular, this article introduces radiogenic ion transports across plasma and mitochondrial membranes and discusses their functional significance for cell cycle control, DNA repair, accelerated repopulation, cell migration and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, adaptation to hypoxia, and radiogenic formation of reactive oxygen species.
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Abbreviations
- ΔΨm:
-
Inner mitochondrial membrane potential
- •O2−:
-
Superoxide anion radical
- AMPK:
-
5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATM:
-
Protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- CaMKIIs:
-
Isoforms of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-II
- CLIC1:
-
Chloride intracellular channel-1
- CXCR4:
-
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4
- DSBs:
-
DNA double-strand breaks
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT:
-
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERK:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GMT:
-
Glial-mesenchymal transition
- GSCs:
-
Glioblastoma stem cells
- HIF-1α:
-
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- KATP:
-
ATP-sensitive potassium channel
- KCa:
-
Calcium-activated potassium channel
- Kv:
-
Voltage-gated potassium channel
- MnSOD:
-
Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2)
- MPT:
-
Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore
- mt :
-
Mitochondrial
- Nav:
-
Voltage-gated sodium channel
- Pyk2 :
-
Focal adhesion kinase-2
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SDF1:
-
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12)
- TRPM2/8:
-
Member 2/8 of the melastatin family of transient receptor potential nonselective cation channels
- TRPV1/5/6:
-
Member 1/5/6 of the vanilloid family of transient receptor potential nonselective cation channels
- UCP2/3:
-
Uncoupling protein-2/3
- VDAC1:
-
Voltage-gated anion channel-1
- Vm:
-
Membrane potential
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Acknowledgement
This project was supported by a grant of the German Cancer Aid (70112872/70113144).
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Both authors declare no competing interests.
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Roth, B., Huber, S.M. (2020). Ion Transport and Radioresistance. In: Stock, C., Pardo, L.A. (eds) Targets of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 183. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/112_2020_33
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