Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 10))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adelman D, Hinga KR, Pilson MEQ. 1990; Biogeochemistry of butyltins in an enclosed marine ecosystem. Environmental Science and Technology 24: 1027-1032.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albaiges J, Borbon J, Ros J. 1979; Source identification of tar balls from the western Mediterranean. Workshop on pollution of the Mediterranean, CIESM & UNEP, pp. 103-109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albanis TA, Lambropoulou DA, Sakkas VA, Konstantinou IK. 2002; Antifouling paint booster biocide contamination in Greek marine sediments. Chemosphere 48(5): 475-485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aliani S, Griffa A, Molcard A, 2003; Floating debris in the Ligurian Sea, north-western Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46(9): 1142-1149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aliani S, Molcard A. 2003; Hitch-hiking on floating marine debris: macrobenthic species in the Western Mediterranean sea. Hydrobiologia 503: 59-67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alzieu C. 2000; Impact of tributyltin on marine invertebrates. Ecotoxicology 9 (1-2): 71-76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alzieu C, Michel P, Tolosa I, Bacci E, Mee LD, Readman JW. 1991; Organotin compounds in the Mediterranean: continuing cause for concern. Marine Environmental Research 32: 261-270.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alzieu C, Thibaud Y, Heral M, Boutier B. 1980; Evaluation des risques des à l'emploi des peintures antisalissures dans les zones conchylicolis. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches maritimes 44: 301-348.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrew RK, Howe BM, Mercer JA. 2002; Ocean ambient sound: comparing the 1960s with the 1990s for a receiver off the California coast. Acoustic Research Letters Online 3: 65-70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angradi AM, Consiglio C, Marini L, 1993; Behaviour of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea) in relation to commercial ships. Proceedings of the 7th annual conference of the European Cetacean Society 1993: 77-79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyrou M, Demetropoulos A, Hadjichristophorou M. 1999; Expansion of the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa and changes in soft bottom macrofaunal assemblages in Moni Bay, Cyprus. Oceanologica Acta 22 (5): 517-528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atta MM. 1991; The occurrence of Paradella dianae (Menzies, 1962) (Isopoda, Flabellifera, Sphaeromatidae) in Mediterranean waters of Alexandria. Crustaceana 60(2): 213-217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axiak V, Vella AJ, Micallef D, Chircop P, Mintoff, B. 1995. Imposex in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda: Muricidae): first results from biomonitoring of tributyltin contamination in the Mediterranean. Marine Biology 121: 685-691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aybulatov NA, Nemirovskaya IA, Nesterova MP. 1981; Oil pollution of the North African shelf of the Mediterranean Sea. Oceanology 21(5): 589-592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartol SM, Musick JA, Lenhardt ML, 1999. Auditory evoked potentials of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Copeia 1999(3): 836-840.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benzhitskiy AG, Polikarpov GG. 1976. Distribution of petroleum aggregates in the hypneustal zone of the Mediterranean Sea in April-June 1974. Oceanology 16: 45-47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingel F, Avsar D, Unsal M. 1987; A note on plastic materials in trawl catches in the north eastern Mediterranean. Meeresforschung 31: 227-233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borghi V, Porte C. 2002; Organotin pollution in deep-sea fish from the northwestern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Technology 36: 4224-4228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boudouresque CF. 1994; Les espèces introduites dans les eaux côtières d'Europe et de Méditerranée: Etat de la question et consequences. In: Boudouresque CF, Briand F, Nolan C (eds) Introduced species in European coastal waters. CEC Ecosystem Research Report 8: 8-27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudouresque CF, Ribera MA. 1994; Les introductions d'espèces végétales et animales en milieu marin -conséquences écologiques et économiques et problèmes législatifs. In: Boudouresque CF, Meinesz A & Gravez V (eds) First International workshop on Caulerpa taxifolia, 29-102. GIS Posidonie Marseille.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudouresque CF, Verlaque M. 2002; Assessing scale and impact of ship-transported alien macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien marine organisms introduced by ships in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. CIESM Workshop Monographs, 20: 53-62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman D, Mano-Samsonov N, Golik A. 1998; Dynamics of litter pollution on Israeli Mediterranean beaches: a budgetary, litter flux approach. Journal of Coastal Research 14 (2): 418-432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browning LJ, Harland EJ, 1999; Are bottlenose dolphins disturbed by fast ferries? Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of the European Cetacean Society 1999: 92-98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunetti R, Mastrototaro F. 2004; The non-indigenous stolidobranch ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis in the Mediterranean: description, larval morphology and pattern of vascular budding. Zootaxa 528: 1-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, JT., 1985. Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: the biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biology annual Review 23: 313-371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr A. 1987; Impact of nondegradable marine debris on the ecology and survival outlook of sea turtles. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18 6(B): 352-357.

    Google Scholar 

  • CBD 1992; The Convention on Biological Diversity, UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro. www.biodiv.org (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • CIESM 2004; Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée 2004: www.ciesm.org/atlas (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • Cormaci M, Furnari G, Giaccone G, Serio D. 2004; Alien macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology 1(1):1-202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis KR, Howe BM, Mercer JA, 1999; Low-frequency ambient sound in the North Pacific: long time series observations. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106: 3189-3200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danovaro R, Fabiano M, Vincx M. 1995; Meiofauna response to the Agip Abruzzo oil spill in subtidal sediments of the Ligurian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30(2): 133-145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Armas JD. 1985; Pelagic tar in the western Mediterranean 1981-82. Workshop on pollution of the Mediterranean, 555-559. CIESM & UNEP.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Walle FB, Lomme JJ, Nikolopoulou-Tamvakli M. 1993; General overview of the environmental quality of the Mediterranean Sea. In: De Walle FB, Nikolopoulou-Tamvakli M & Heinen WJ (eds) Environmental condition of the Mediterranean Sea, 34-179. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derraik JGB. 2002; The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 842-852.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz Lopez B, Mussi B, Miragliuolo A, Chiota D, Valerio L. 2000; Respiration patterns of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) off Ischia island (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Proceedings of the 14th annual conference of the European Cetacean Society 2000: 125-129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díez S, Ábalos M, Bayona JM. 2002; Organotin contamination in sediments from the western Mediterranean enclosures following 10 years of TBT regulation. Water Research 36: 905-918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake LA. 2002; Ship-transported virio- and bacterio- plankton. In: Alien marine organisms introduced by ships in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. CIESM Workshop Monographs 20: 35-39. www.ciesm.org/publications/ (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • Duguy R, Moriniere P, Le Milinaire C. 1998; Faceurs de mortalité observés chez les tortues marines dans le golfe de Gascogne. Oceanologica Acta 21(2): 383-388.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC, European Commission. 1997; The EMARC Project. MARPOL rules and ship generated waste. European Commission. Directorate-General for Transport Directorate Development of Transport Policy; Research and Development VV-E. Project Funded by the European Commission under the Transport RTD Programme of the 4th Framework Programme. Project WA-95-SC.097.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC, European Commission. 2002; Marine oil pollution. Technologies and methodologies for detection and early warning. European Commission. ISPRA, Italy, EUR 20231.

    Google Scholar 

  • EIA. 2004; Energy Information Administration www.eia.doe.gov (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • El Hehyawi ML. 1979; New data on the distribution of pollutants and their effect on some hypneuston constituents in the S.E. Mediterranean. Workshop on pollution of the Mediterranean, CIESM & UNEP, 301-305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans SM, Birchenough AC, Brancato MS. 2000a; The TBT ban: out of the frying pan into the fire? Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(3): 204-211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans SM, Kerrigan E, Palmer N. 2000b; Causes of imposex in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus (L.) and its use as a biological indicator of tributyltin contamination. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(3): 212-219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fornos JJ, Forteza V, Martinez-Taberner. 1997; Modern polychaete reefs in western Mediterranean lagoons: Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel) in the Albufera de Menorca, Balearic Islands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 128 (1-4): 175-186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg R, Baier R, Meyer A, Doblin M, Strom M. 2005; Fine particle persistence in ballast water sediments and ballast tank biofilms. The Adhesion Society Meeting, Mobile Alabama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frantzis A. 1998; Does acoustic testing strand whales? Nature 392: 29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielides GP, Alzieu C, Readman JW, Bacci E, Aboul Dahab O, Salighoglu I. 1990; MED POL survey of organotins in the Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21 (5): 233-237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielides GP, Golik A, Loizides L, Marino MG, Bingel F, Torregrossa MV. 1991; Man-made garbage pollution on the Mediterranean coastline. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23: 437-441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galgani F, Jaunet S, Campillo A, Guenegan X, His E. 1995; Distribution and abundance of debris on the continental shelf of the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30 (11): 713-717.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galgani F, Leaute JP, Moguedet P, Souplet A, Verin Y, Carpentier A, Goraguer H, Latrouite D, Andral B, Cadiou Y, Mahe JC, Poulard JC, Nerisson P. 2000; litter on the sea floor Along European coasts. . Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (6): 516-527.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galgani F, Souplet A, Cadiou Y. 1996; Accumulation of debris on the deep sea floor off the French Mediterranean coasy. Marine Ecology Progress Series 142: 225-234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galil BS, Golik A, Türkay M. 1995; Litter at the bottom of the sea: a sea bed survey in the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30 (1): 22-24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galil BS, Hülsmann N. 1997; Protist transport via ballast water - biological classification of ballast tanks by food web interactions. European Journal of Protistology 33: 244-253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galil BS, Hülsmann N. 2002; The biological efficacy of Open Ocean Exchange - implications for Ballast Water Management. In: Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S (eds) Invasive aquatic species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 508-510. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golani D. 2004; First record of the muzzled blenny (Osteichthyes: Blenniidae: Omobranchus punctatus) from the Mediterranean, with remarks on ship-mediated fish introduction. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84: 851-852.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golik A. 1982; The distribution and behaviour of tar balls along the Israeli coast. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 15: 267-276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golik A. 1997; Debris in the Mediterranean Sea: types, quantities and behavior. In: Coe JM & Rogers DB (eds.) Marine debris: sources, impacts, and solutions, 7-14. Springer series on environmental management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golik A, Gertner Y. 1992; Litter on the Israeli coastline. Marine Environmental Research 33: 1-5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golik A, Weber K, Salihoglu I, Yilmaz K, Loizides L. 1988a; Pelagic tar in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 19 (11): 567-572.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golik A, Weber K, Salihoglu I, Yilmaz K, Loizides L. 1988b. Decline in tar pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration de la Mer Méditerranée 31:164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez O, Martinez-Iglesias JC. 1990; Reciente hallazgo de la especie indopacifica Charybdis helleri (A.Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) en aguas cubanas. Caribbean Journal of Science 26 (1-2): 70-72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gramentz D. 1988. Involvement of loggerhead turtle with the plastic, metal and hydrocarbon pollution in the Central Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 19 (1): 11-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory MR. 1978. Accumulation and distribution of virgin plastic granules on New Zealand beaches. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 12: 399-414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guidetti P, Modena M, La Mesa G, Vacchi M. 2000; Composition, abundance and stratification of macrobenthos in the marine area impacted by tar aggregates derived from the Haven oil spill (Ligurian Sea, Italy). Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (12): 1161-1166.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herut B, Shefer E, Cohen Y. 2004; Quality of coastal waters along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, 2003. IOLR Report H23/2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn MH, Teal JM, Backus RH. 1970; Petroleum lumps on the surface of the sea. Science 168: 245-246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horsman PV. 1982; The amount of garbage pollution from merchant ships. Marine Pollution Bulletin 13 (5): 167-169.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMO. 1982; International Maritime Organization 1982; Inter-governmental Conference on the Convention on the Dumping of Wastes at Sea, London, 30 October - 13 November, 1972. Final Act of the Conference with attachments including the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. (1982 Edition) IMO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMO 2001; International Maritime Organisation 2001. International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti- fouling Systems on Ships. http://www.imo.org/Conventions/mainframe.asp?topic_id=529 (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • IMO. 2002; International Maritime Organisation 2002. Guidelines for the designation of special areas under Marpol 73/78 and guidelines for the identification and designation of particularly sensitive sea areas. www.imo.org/Environment (accessed 16-05-05).

  • IMO. 2004; International Maritime Organisation 2004. International Convention on the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments. www.globallast.imo.org (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • INTFISH 2002 Internet Guide to International Fisheries Law. www.intfish.net/treaties/sanctuary.htm (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • Kannan K, Corsolini S, Focardi S, Tanabe S, Tatsukawa R. 1996; Accumulation pattern of butyltin compounds in dolphin, tuna, and shark collected from Italian coastal waters. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31 (1); 19-33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knoepffler-Peguy M, Belsher T, Boudouresque CF, Lauret M. 1985; Sargassum muticum begins to invade the Mediterranean. Aquatic Botany 23(3): 291-295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kornilios S, Drakopoulos PG, Dounas C. 1998; Pelagic tar, Dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons and plastic distribution in the Cretan Sea, Greece. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36 (12): 989-993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahbib Y, Trigui El-Menif N, Le Pennec M, Bou Maiza M. 2004; Le phénomène d'imposex observe pour la première fois en Tunisie chez un mollusque gasteropode, Murex trunculus. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration de la Mer Méditerranée 37: 218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laist DW. 1997; Impacts of marine debris: entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. In: Coe JM & DB Rogers (eds.) Marine debris: sources, impacts, and solutions, 99-139. Springer series on environmental management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Lourd P. 1977; Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. Ambio 6: 317-320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly EL, Kulis DM, Gentien P, Anderson DM. 2002; Paralytic shellfish toxins in France linked to a humanintroduced strain of Alexandrium catanella from the western Pacific: evidence from DNA and toxin analysis. Journal of Plankton Research 24: 443-452.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loizides L. 1994. Oil pollution of the sea waters and coastal areas in Cyprus. International Symposium on Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. WTSAC-IAWQ, Cyprus. pp. 131-140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantelatto FLM & Dias LL (1999) Extension of the known distribution of Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards,1867) (Decapoda, Portunidae) along the western tropical South Atlantic. Crustaceana 72 (6): 617- 620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez K, Ferrer I, Hernando MD, Fernandez-Alba AR, Marce RM, Borrull F, Barcelo D. 2001. Occurrence of antifouling biocides in the Spanish Mediterranean marine environment. Environmental Technology 22 (5): 543-552.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masó M, Garcés E, Pagès F, Camp J. 2003; Drifting plastic debris as a potential vector for dispersing Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species. Scientia Marina 67 (1): 107-111.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy E, 2004; International regulation of underwater sound: establishing rules and standards to address ocean noise pollution. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCauley SJ, Bjorndal KA. 1999; Conservation implications of dietary dilution from debris ingestion: sublethal effects in post hatchling loggerhead sea turtles. Conservation Biology 13 (4): 925-929.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCoy FW. 1988; Floating megalitter in the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 19 (1): 25-28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mee LD, Fowler SW. 1991; Editorial In: Roesijadi G, Spies RB, Widdows J. (eds) Special Issue of Organotin. Marine Environmental Research 32 (1-4): 1-5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinesz A. 1992; Modes de disseminations de l'algue Caulerpa taxifolia introduite en Méditerranée. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration de la Mer Méditerranée 33: 44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel P, Averty B. 1999; Distribution and fate of tributyltin in surface and deep waters of the northwestern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Technology 33: 2524-2528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel P, Averty B, Andral B, Chiffoleau JF, Galgani F. 2001; Tributyltin along the coasts of Corsica (Western Mediterranean): a persistent problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 (11): 1128-1132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mienis HK. 2004; New data concerning the presence of Lessepsian and other Indo-Pacific migrants among the molluscs in the Mediterranean Sea with emphasize on the situation in Israel. In Öztük & Salman A. (eds): Proceedings 1st National Malacology Congress, Izmir. Turkish Journal of Aquatic Life 2 (2): 117-131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minchin D. 1996. Tar pellets and plastics as attachment surfaces for lepadid cirripeds in the North Atlantic ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32 (12): 855-859.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mineur F, Johnson M, Maggs C. 2004; Vectors for introduction of alien macroalgae in Europe: hull fouling. Abstracts of the 13th International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species, 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizzan L. 1995; Notes on the presence and diffusion of Dyspanopeus say (Smith, 1869) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) in the Venitian lagoon. Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia 44 [1993]: 121-129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris RJ. 1974; Lipid composition of surface films and zooplankton from the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(7): 105-109.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris RJ. 1980; Floating plastic debris in the Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 11: 125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NAS, National Academy of Sciences. 1975; Marine litter. In Assessing Potential Ocean Pollutants, 405-438. A report of the Study Panel on Assessing Potentail Ocean Pollutants to the Ocean Research Council, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC (National Research Council). 2000; Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC (National Research Council). 2003; Ocean noise and marine mammals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Occhipinti Ambrogi A. 2000; Biotic invasions in a Mediterranean Lagoon. Biological Invasions 2: 165-176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Occhipinti Ambrogi A. 2002; Susceptibility to invasion: assessing scale and impact of alien biota in the northern Adriatic. In: Alien marine organisms introduced by ships in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. CIESM Workshop Series 20: 69-73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppian 1987. Halieutica. The Loeb Classical Library. 219: 200-515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oren OH. 1970; Tar pollutes the Levant Basin. Marine Pollution Bulletin 11: 149-150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlakis P, Tarchi D, Sieber AJ, Ferraro G, Vincent G. 2001; On the monitoring of illicit vessel discharges - a reconnaissance study in the Mediterranean Sea. ECDG Joint Research Centre, 20 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez A, Canadas AM, Sagarminaga R, San Martin G. 2000. The effects of acoustic pollution on the cetaceans of the Alboran Sea (Spain). www.geocities.com (accessed 5-05-2005).

  • Piazzi L, Ceccherelli G, Cinelli F. 2001; Threat to macroalgal diversity: effects of the introduced green alga Caulerpa racemosa in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 210: 149-150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piazzi L, Cinelli F. 2001; Distribution and dominance of two introduced turf-forming macroalgae on the coast of Tuscany, Italy, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea in relation to differenct habitats and sedimentation. Botanica Marina 44 (5): 509-520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pietrapiana D, Modena M, Guidetti P, Falugi C, Vacchi M. 2002; Evaluating the genotoxic damage and hepatic tissue alterations in demersal fish species: a case study in the Ligurian Sea (NW-Mediterranean). Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 238-243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plante-Cuny MR, Salen-Picard C, Grenz C, Plante R, Alliot E, Barranguet C. 1993; Experimental field study of the effects of crude oil, drill cuttings and natural biodeposits on microphyto- and macrozoobenthic communities in the Mediterranean area. Marine Biology 117: 355-366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruter AT. 1987; Sources, quantities and distribution of persistent plastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18 (6B): 305-310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramón M, Amor MJ. 2001; Increasing imposex in populations of Bolinus brandais (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the northwestern Mediterranean. Marine Environmental Research 52: 463-475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravid R, Oren OH, Ben-Yosef J, Hornung H. 1985; Oil pollution in the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 16 (2); 81- 84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Readman JW, Kwong LLW, Grondlin D, Bartocci J, Vielleneuve JP. Mee LD. 1993; Coastal water contamination from a triazine herbicide used in antifouling paints. Environmental Science and Technology 27: 1940-1942.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Relini Orsi L, Mori M. 1979; Due reperti Mediterranei di Thalamita gloriensis Crosnier, 1962 (Crustacea Decapoda: Portunidae). Oebalia 1: 7-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • REMPEC 1998; Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea, Regional Information System, March 1998. www.rempec.org (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • REMPEC 2004; Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea, Database. www.rempec.org/databases.asp (accessed 04-04-2005).

  • Rezig M. 1978; Occurrence of Paracerceis sculpta (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabelllifera) in the Lake of Tunis. Bull. Off. Natl. Peches (Tunisia) 2(1-2): 175-191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribera MA, Boudouresque CF. 1995; Introduced marine plants with special reference to macroalgae: mechanisms and impacts. Progress in Phycological Research 11: 187-268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson WJ, Greene CR Jr, Malme CI, Thompson DH. 1995; Marine mammals and noise. Academic Press, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ros J, Faraco F. 1978; Pollution par les hydrocarbures des eaux superficielles de la Méditerranée Occidentale - Première partic: boules de goudron. IV Journées Étude. Pollutions, CIESM, pp. 111-115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross D. 1976; Mechanics of underwater noise. Pergamon Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosso A. 1994; Segnalazione di Electra tenella (Hincks) (Bryozoa) lungo le coste sud-orientali della Sicilia. Bolletino Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Catania 27(346): 241-251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roussel E. 2002; Disturbance to Mediterranean cetaceans caused by noise. In: Notarbartolo di Sciara (ed) Cetaceans of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: state of knowledge and conservation strategies, 18 p. A report to ACCBAMS Secretariat, Monaco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz G, Rawlings TK, Dobbs FC, Drake LA, Mullady T, Huq A, Colwell RR. 2000; Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature 408: 49-50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz G, Smith G, Verling E, Chaves S. 2004; Ballast water management: toward understanding treatment efficacy. 13th International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species, Ireland. pp. 18-19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan PG, Moloney CL. 1993; Marine litter keeps increasing. Nature 361:23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakellariadou F, Tselentis V, Tzannatos E. 1994; Dissolved/Dispersed Petroleum Hydrocarbon content in Greek Seas. International Symposium on Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. WTSAC-IAWQ, Cyprus.p p. 151-155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salihoglu I, Saydam C, Yilmaz A. 1987; Long term impact of dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPH) in Gulf of Iskenderun. Chemosphere 16: 381-394.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saydam C, Salihhoglu I, Sakarya M, Yilmas A. 1985. Dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons, suspended sediment, plastic, pelagic tar and other litter in the north-eastern Mediterranean. 7th Workshop on Pollution in the Mediterranean, Lucerne, International Commission for the scientific exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco, 509-518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman PF, Valkirs AO, Lee RF. 1986; Degradation of tributyltin in marine and estuarine waters. Oceans '86 Conference, 4:1189-1195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman PF, Valkirs AO, Stang PM, Lee RF. 1988; Evidence for rapid degradation of tributyltin in a marina. Marine Pollution Bulletin 19 (10): 531-53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiber JG. 1979; Plastic pellets on the coast of Lebanon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 10: 28-30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiber JG. 1982; Plastic pellets on Spain's ‘Costa del Sol’ beaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin 13: 409-412.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiber JG. 1987; Plastic pellets and tar on Spain's Mediterranean beaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18: 84-86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiber JG, Barrales-Rienda JM. 1991; Plastic pellets, tar, and megalitter on Beirut beaches, 1977-1988. Environmental Pollution 71: 17-30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith BS. 1981; Male characteristics on female mud snails caused by antifouling bottom paints. Journal of Applied Toxicology 1: 22-25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solé M, Morcillo Y, Porte C. 1998; Imposex in the commercial snail Bolinus brandais in the northwestern Mediterranean. Environmental Pollution 99: 241-246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefatos A, Charalambakis M, Papatheodorou G, Ferentinos G. 1999; Marine debris on the seafloor of the Mediterranean Sea: examples from two enclosed gulfs in Western Greece. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36 (5): 389-393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terlizzi A, Geraci S, Minganti V. 1998; Tributyltin (TBT) pollution in the coastal waters of Italy as indicated by Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda: Muricidae). Marine Pollution Bulletin 36 (9): 749-752.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas KV, Fileman TW, Readman JW, Waldock MJ. 2001; Antifouling paint booster biocides in the UK coastal environment and potential risks of biological effects. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 (8): 677-688.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolosa I, Readman JW, Blaevoet A, Ghilini S, Bartocci J, Horvat M. 1996; Contamination of Mediterranean (Côte d'Azur) coastal waters by organotins and Irgarol 1051 used in antifouling paints. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32 (4): 335-341.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomás J, Guitart R, Mateo R, Raga JA. 2002; Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the western Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 211-216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tselentis BS, Maroulakou M, Lascourreges JF, Szpunar J, Smith V, Donard, OFX. 1999; Organotins in sediments and biological tissues from Greek coastal areas: preliminary results. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38 (2): 146-153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turley CM. 1999; The changing Mediterranean Sea - a sensitive ecosystem? Progress in Oceanography 44: 387-400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyack P, 1998; Acoustic communication under the sea. In: Hoop SL, Owren MJ & Evans CS (eds.), Animal acoustic communications: Recent technical advances, 163-220. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. 1982; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. UN DOC. A/CONF.62/122, December 10, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP 1982; United Nations Environment Programme. 1982; The health of the oceans. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP 1986; United Nations Environment Programme. 1986; Assessment of the present state of pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea. UNEP/WG. 144/9.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP 1989; United Nations Environment Programme. 1989. Report of the Sixth Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution and its related Protocols, Athens, 3-6 October, 1989. UNEP (OCA)/MED.IG.1/5. UNEP, Athens, 146 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP 1992; United Nations Environment Programme. 1992; Mediterranean Action Plan and Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution and its related protocols. UNEP, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP 2003; United Nations Environment Programme. 2003; Action Plan concerning species introductions and invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. UNEP(DEC)MED WG.232/6, Tunis.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP/MAP 2003; United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan 2003; Report on the thirteenth ordinary meeting of the contracting parties to the convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution and its protocols. UNEP(DEC)/MED IG.15/11, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Franeker JA. 1985; Plastic ingestion in the North Atlantic fulmar. Marine Pollution Bulletin 16: 367-369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verlaque M, Durand C, Huisman JM, Boudouresque CF, Le Parco Y. 2003; On the identity and origin of the Mediterranean invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). European Journal of Phycology 38: 325-339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve JP, Carvalho FP, Fowler SW, Cattini C. 1999. Levels and trends of PCBs, chlorinated pesticides and petroleum hydrocarbons in mussles from the NW Mediterranean coast: comparison of concentrations in 1973/1974 and 1988/1989. Science of the Total Environment 237-238 (1-3): 57-65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahby, SD. 1979; Pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons along Alexandria coast. Workshop on pollution of the Mediterranean, CIESM & UNEP, pp. 93-97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winston JE. 1982; Drift plastic - an expanding niche for a marine invertebrate? Marine Pollution Bulletin 13 (10): 348-351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolterink JWK, Hess M, Schoof LAA, Wijnen JW. 2004; Port reception facilities for collecting ship-generated garbage, bilge waters and oily wastes. Activity B. Optimum solutions for collecting, treatment and disposal of relevant ship-generated solid and liquid wastes. Final Report. REMPEC project MED.B4.4100.97.0415.8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wonham, MJ, Carlton JT, Ruiz GM, Smith LD. 2000; Fish and ships: relating dispersal frequency to success in biological invasions. Marine Biology 136:1111-1121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Youssef AK, Durgham H, Baker M, Noureddin S. 1999; Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in zooplankton of Banyas coastal waters (Syria). Marine Pollution 427-428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zibrowius H. 1979; Serpulidae (Annelida Polychaeta) de l'Océand Indien arrives sur des coques de bateaux à Toulon (France, Méditerranée). Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration de la Mer Méditerranée 25/26 (4): 133-134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zibrowius H. 1992; Ongoing modification of the Mediterranean fauna and flora by the establishment of exotic species. Mésogée 51: 83-107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zibrowius H. 2002; Assessing scale and impact of ship-transported alien fauna in the Mediterranean? In: Alien marine organisms introduced by ships in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. CIESM Workshop Series 20: 63-68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsolnay A. 1979. Hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea, 1974-1975. Marine Chemistry 7: 343-352.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Galil, B.S. (2006). Shipwrecked – Shipping impacts on the biota of the Mediterranean Sea. In: Davenport, J., Davenport, J.L. (eds) The Ecology of Transportation: Managing Mobility for the Environment. Environmental Pollution, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4504-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics