Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Management of hepatitis B in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus

  • Review
  • Published:
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis B virus share common routes of transmission, and hence, coinfection with these two viruses is common. Chronic hepatitis B does not influence the progression of HIV disease or the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is clear, however, that HIV infection does impact the course of hepatitis B, as higher rates of chronic carriage, lower seroconversion rates, and accelerated progression towards cirrhosis have been observed. Vaccination against hepatitis B is less effective in HIV-infected individuals. Coinfected subjects have a poor response to interferon therapy. Lamivudine is more effective in coinfected subjects but must not be used as monotherapy because of the risk of resistance developing. Combination therapy with lamivudine and tenofovir has shown promise and is currently being investigated in clinical trials, while new drugs and other combinations are in development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD, the HIV Outpatient Study Investigators (1998) Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 338:853–860

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Soriano V, Garcia-Samaniego J, Valencia E, Rodriguez-Rosado R, Munoz F, Gonzalez-Lahoz J (1999) Impact of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis viruses as cause of hospital admission and death in HIV-infected drug users. Eur J Epidemiol 15:1–4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Martin-Carbonero L, Soriano V, Valencia E, Garcia-Samaniego J, Lopez M, Gonzalez-Lahoz J (2001) Increasing impact of chronic viral hepatitis on hospital admissions and mortality among HIV-infected patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17:1467–1471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Puoti M, Spinetti A, Ghezzi A, Donato F, Zaltron S, Putzolu V, Quiros-Roldan E, Zanini B, Casari S, Carosi G, the Hepatitis-HIV Study Group (2000) Mortality for liver disease in patients with HIV infection: a cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 24:211–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bica I, McGovern B, Dhar R, Stone D, McGowan K, Scheib R, Snydman DR (2001) Increasing mortality due to end-stage liver disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 32:492–497

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Thio CL, Seaberg EC, Skolasky R Jr, Phair J, Visscher B, Munoz A, Thomas DL (2002) HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS). Lancet 360:1921–1926

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group (2001) Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis infections in the United Kingdom 2000. Department of Health, London. http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/uassg/publications.htm

  8. Puoti M, Airoldi M, Bruno R, Zanini B, Spinetti A, Pezzoli C, Patroni A, Castelli F, Sacchi P, Filice G, Carosi G (2002) Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. AIDS Rev 4:27–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ahmed SD, Cuevas LE, Brabin BJ, Kazembe P, Broadhead R, Verhoeff FH, Hart CA (1998) Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C and HIV in Malawian pregnant women. J Infect 37:248–251

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lok ASF, McMahon BJ (2001) Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 34:1225–1241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Torbenson M, Thomas DL (2002) Occult hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis 2:479–486

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Santos EA, Yoshida CFT, Rolla VC, Mendes JM, Vieira IF, Arabe J (2003) Frequent occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:9298

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gandhi RT, Wurcel A, Lee H, McGovern B, Boczanowski M, Gerwin R, Corcoran CP, Szczepiorkowski Z, Toner S, Cohen DE, Sax PE, Okomadu C (2003) Isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis 36:1602–1605

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Gomez-Gonzalo M, Carretero M, Rullas J (2001) The hepatitis B virus × protein induces HIV-1 replication and transcription in synergy with T-cell activation signals. J Biol Chem 276:35435–35443

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Eskild A, Magnus P, Petersen G, Sohlberg C, Jensen F, Kittelsen P, Skaug K (1992) Hepatitis B antibodies in HIV-infected homosexual men are associated with more rapid progression to AIDS. AIDS 6:571–574

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Scharschmidt BF, Held MJ, Hollander HH, Read AE, Lavine JE, Veereman G, McGuire RF, Thaler MM (1992) Hepatitis B in patients with HIV infection: relationship to AIDS and patient survival. Ann Intern Med 117:837–838

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ockenga J, Tillmann C, Trautwein C, Stoll M, Manns MP, Schmidt RE (1997) Hepatitis B and C in HIV-infected patients: prevalence and prognostic value. J Hepatol 27:18–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Solomon RE, VanRaden M, Kaslow RA, Lyter D, Visscher B, Farzadegan H, Phair J (1990) Association of hepatitis B surface antigen and core antibody with acquisition and manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Am J Public Health 80:1475–1478

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Palmon R, Shoultz DA, Levy DG, Dieterich DT (2002) Effect of hepatitis B on HIV infection. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract no. H-1738

  20. Sinicco A, Raiteri R, Sciandra M, Bertone C, Lingua A, Salassa B, Gioannini P (1997) Coinfection and superinfection of hepatitis B virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: no evidence of faster progression to AIDS. Scand J Infect Dis 29:111–115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gilson RJC, Hawkins AE, Beecham MR, Ross E, Waite J, Briggs M, McNally T, Kelly GE, Tedder RS, Weller IVD (1997) Interactions between HIV and hepatitis B virus in homosexual men: effects on natural history of infection. AIDS 11:597–606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Thio CL, Seaberg EC, Kingsley L, Phair J, Visscher B, Munoz A (2002) The role of hepatitis B virus in the progression of HIV and the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In: Program and abstracts of the XIV International AIDS Conference, Abstract no. B6016

  23. Sheng WH, Hung CC, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Wu CH, Hsiao CF (2003) Impact of chronic hepatitis B infection on outcomes of HIV-1 infected patients receiving HAART in an area hyperendemic for hepatitis B infection: an eight-year prospective observational study. In: Program and abstracts of the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Abstract no. 823

  24. Lincoln D, Petoumenos K, Dore GJ, on behalf of the Australian HIV Observational Database (2003) HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfection, and outcomes following highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 4:241–249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. De Luca A, Bugarini R, Cozzi Lepri A, Puoti M, Girardi E, Antinori A, Poggio A, Pagano G, Tositti G, Cadeo G, Macor A, Toti M, d’Arminio Monforte A (2002) Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and outcome of initial antiretroviral regimens in previously naïve HIV-infected subjects. Arch Intern Med 162:2125–2132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bodsworth NJ, Cooper DA, Donovan B (1991) The influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the development of the hepatitis B virus carrier state. J Infect Dis 163:1138–1140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hadler SC, Judson FN, O’Malley PM, Altman NL, Penley K, Buchbinder S, Schable CA, Coleman PJ, Ostrow DN, Francis DP (1991) Outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men and its relation to prior human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 163:454–459

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Beck EJ, Mandalia S, Leonard K, Griffith RJ, Harris JRW, Miller DL (1996) Case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases as cofactors for HIV-1 transmission. Int J STD AIDS 7:34–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kellerman SE, Hanson DL, McNaghten AD, Fleming PL (2003) Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of acute hepatitis B in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J Infect Dis 188:571–577

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bodsworth N, Donovan B, Nightingale BN (1989) The effect of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infection on chronic hepatitis B: a study of 150 homosexual men. J Infect Dis 160:577–582

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Koblin BA, Taylor PE, Rubinstein P, Stevens CE (1992) Effect of duration of hepatitis B virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis B viral replication. Hepatology 15:590–592

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Krogsgaard K, Lindhart BO, Nielsen JO, Andersson P, Kryger P, Aldershvile J, Gerstoft J, Pederson C (1987) The influence of HTLV-III infection on the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection in male homosexual HBsAg carriers. Hepatology 7:37–41

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Mai AL, Yim C, O’Rourke K, Heathcote EJ (1996) The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis B virus infection in infected homosexual men. J Clin Gastroenterol 22:299–304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Housset C, Pol S, Carnot F, Dubois F, Nalpas B, Housset B, Berthelot P, Brechot C (1992) Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis B virus infections in 260 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 15:578–583

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Colin J-F, Cazals-Hatem D, Loriot MA, Martinot-Peignoux M, Pham BN, Auperin A, Degott C, Banhamou J, Erlinger S, Valla D, Marcelin P (1999) Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on chronic hepatitis B in homosexual men. Hepatology 29:1306–1310

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Trent Mills C, Lee E, Perrillo R (1990) Relationship between histology, aminotransferase levels, and viral replication in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 99:519–524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. McDonald JA, Harris S, Waters JA, Thomas HC (1987) Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on chronic hepatitis B hepatic viral antigen display. J Hepatol 4:337–342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Perrillo R, Regenstein FG, Roodman ST (1986) Chronic hepatitis B in asymptomatic homosexual men with antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Intern Med 105:382–383

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Bonacini M, Govindarajan S, Redeker AG (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus infection does not alter serum transaminases and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in homosexual patients with chronic HBV infection. Am J Gastroenterol 86:570–573

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Rector WG, Govindarajan S, Horsburgh CR, Penley KA, Cohn DL, Judson FN (1988) Hepatic inflammation, hepatitis B replication, and cellular immune function in homosexual males with chronic hepatitis B and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Gastroenterol 83:262–266

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Goldin RD, Fish DE, Hay A, Waters JA, McGarvey MJ, Main J, Thomas HC (1990) Histological and immunohistochemical study of hepatitis B virus in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Pathol 43:203–205

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Brau N, Leaf HL, Wieczorek RL, Margolis DM (1997) Severe hepatitis in three AIDS patients treated with indinavir. Lancet 349:924–925

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jeurissen FJF, Scneider MME, Borleffs JCC (1998) Is the combination of hepatitis and indinavir potentially dangerous? AIDS 12:441–442

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Mehta SH, Chaisson RE, Moore RD (2002) Hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine or efavirenz-containing antiretroviral therapy: role of hepatitis C and B infections. Hepatology 35:182–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Saves M, Raffi F, Clevenbergh P, Marchou B, Waldner-Combernoux A, Morlat P, Le Moing V, Riviere C, Chene G, Leport C (2000) Hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for severe hepatic cytolysis after initiation of a protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:3451–3455

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Bonfanti P, Landonia S, Ricci E, Martinelli C, Fortuna P, Faggion I, Quirino T (2001) Risk factors for hepatotoxicity in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 27:316–318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. den Brinker M, Wit FWNM, Wertheim-van Dillen PME, Jurriaans S, Weel J, van Leeuwen R, Pakker NG, Reiss P, Danner SA, Weverling G, Lange JMA (2000) Hepatitis B and C virus coinfection and the risk for hepatotoxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. AIDS 14:2895–2902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Martinez E, Blanco JL, Arnaiz JA, Perez-Cuevas JB, Mocroft A, Cruceta A, Marcos MA, Milinkovic A, Garcia-Viejo MA, Mallolas J, Carne X, Phillips A, Gatell JM (2001) Hepatotoxicity in HIV-1 infected patients receiving nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 15:1261–1268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Nunez M, Lana R, Mendoza JL, Martin-Carbonero L, Soriano V (2001) Risk factors for severe hepatic injury after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 27:426–431

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Chaisson RE, Moore RD (2000) Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection. J Am Med Assoc 283:74–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Aceti A, Pasquazzi C, Zechinki C, De Bac C (2002) Hepatotoxicity development during antiretroviral therapy containing protease inhibitors in patients with HIV: the role of hepatitis B and C virus infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29:41–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Manegold C, Hannoun C, Wywiol A, Dietrich M, Polywka S, Chiwakata CB, Gunther S (2001) Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication accompanied by acute hepatitis in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 32:144–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Carr A, Cooper DA (1997) Restoration of immunity to chronic hepatitis B infection in HIV-infected patient on protease inhibitor. Lancet 349:995–996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Lemon SM, Thomas DL (1997) Vaccines to prevent viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 336:196–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hadler SC, Francis DP, Maynard JE, Thompson SE, Judson FN, Echenberg DF, Ostrow DG, O’Malley PM, Penley KA, Altman NL, Braff E, Shipman GF, Coleman PJ, Mandel EJ (1986) Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in homosexual men. N Engl J Med 315:209–214

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Carne CA, Weller IVD, Waite J, Briggs M, Pearce F, Adler MW, Tedder RS (1987) Impaired responsiveness of homosexual men with HIV antibodies to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. Br Med J 294:866–868

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Mannucci PM, Zanetti AR, Gringeri A, Tanzi E, Morfini M, Messori A, Tirindelli MC, De Biasi R, Ciavarella N, Colombo M (1989) Long-term immunogenicity of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative hemophiliacs. Arch Intern Med 149:1333–1337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Collier AC, Corey L, Murphy VL, Handsfield HH (1988) Antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccination. Ann Intern Med 109:101–105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Odaka N, Eldred L, Cohn S, Munoz A, Fields HA, Fox R, Solomon R, Kaslow R, Polk F (1988) Comparative immunogenicity of plasma and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in homosexual men. J Am Med Assoc 260:3635–3637

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Tayal SC, Sankar KN (1994) Impaired response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. AIDS 8:558–559

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Rey D, Krantz V, Partisani M, Schmitt M-P, Meyer P, Libbrecht E, Wendling M, Vetter D, Nicolle M, Kempf-Durepaire G, Lang J (2000) Increasing the number of hepatitis B vaccine injections augments anti-HBs response rate in HIV-infected patients. Effects on HIV-1 viral load. Vaccine 18:1161–1165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. European Consensus Group on Hepatitis B Immunity (2000) Are booster immunisations needed for lifelong hepatitis B immunity? Lancet 355:561–565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Brook MG, Gilson R, Wilkins EL, on behalf of the British HIV Association (2003) BHIVA guidelines: coinfection with HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus. HIV Med 4(Suppl 1):42–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Wong DKH, Cheung AM, O’Rourke K, Naylor D, Detsky AS, Heathcote J (1993) Effect of alpha-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Ann Intern Med 119:312–323

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. McDonald JA, Caruso L, Karayiannis P, Scully LJ, Harris JRW, Forster GE, Thomas HC (1987) Diminished responsiveness of male homosexual chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with HTLV-III antibodies to recombinant α-interferon. Hepatology 7:719–723

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Brook MG, McDonald JA, Karayiannis P, Caruso L, Forster G, Harris JRW, Thomas HC (1989) Randomised controlled trial of interferon alfa 2A (rbe) (Roferon-A) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: factors that influence response. Gut 30:1116–1122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Brook MG, Chan G, Yap I, Karayiannis P, Lever AML, Jacyna M, Main J, Thomas HC (1989) Randomised controlled trial of lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in Europid men with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Br Med J 299:652–656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Wong DKH, Yim C, Naylor CD, Chen E, Sherman M, Vas S, Wanless IR, Read S, Li H, Heathcote EJ (1995) Interferon alfa treatment of chronic hepatitis B: randomised trial in a predominantly homosexual male population. Gastroenterology 108:165–171

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. di Martino V, Thevenot T, Colin J-F, Boyer N, Martinot M, Degos F, Coulaud J, Vilde J, Vachon F, Degott C, Valla D, Marcellin P (2002) Influence of HIV infection on the response to interferon therapy and the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 123:1812–1822

    Google Scholar 

  70. di Martino V, Thevenot T, Boyer N, Degos F, Valla D, Marcellin P (2000) Serum alanine transaminase level is a good predictor of response to interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis B in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Hepatology 31:1030–1031

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Cooksley WGE, Piratvisuth T, Lee SD, Mahachai V, Chao Y-C, Tanwandee T, Chutaputti A, Chang WY, Zahm FE, Pluck N (2003) Peginterferon α-2a (40 kDa): an advance in the treatment of hepatitis e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 10:298–305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. CAESAR Coordinating Committee (1997) Randomised trial of addition of lamivudine or lamivudine plus loviride to zidovudine-containing regimens for patients with HIV-1 infection: the CAESAR trial. Lancet 349:1413–1421

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Lai C-L, Chien R-N, Leung N, Chang T-T, Guan R, Tai D-I, Ng K-Y, Wu P-C, Dent J, Barber J, Stephenson SL, Gray DF (1998) A one-year trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 339:61–68

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Dore G, Cooper DA, Barrett C, Goh L-E, Thakrar B, Atkins M, for the CAESAR Coordinating Committee (1999) Dual efficacy of lamivudine treatment in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected persons in a randomised, controlled study (CAESAR). J Infect Dis 180:607–613

    Google Scholar 

  75. Benhamou Y, Dohin E, Lunel-Fabiani F, Poynard T, Huraux JM, Katlama C et al (1995) Efficacy of lamivudine on replication of hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected patients. Lancet 345:396–397

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Benhamou Y, Katlama C, Lunel F, Coutellier A, Dohin E, Hamm N, Tubiana R, Herson S, Poynard T, Opolom P (1996) Effects of lamivudine on replication of hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected men. Ann Intern Med 125:705–712

    Google Scholar 

  77. Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, Di Martino V, Caumes E, Bricaire F, Opolon P, Katlama C, Poynard T (1999) Long-term incidence of hepatitis B virus resistance to lamivudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Hepatology 30:1302–1306

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Hoff J, Bani-Sadr F, Gassin M, Raffi F (2001) Evaluation of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in coinfected patients receiving lamivudine as a component of anti-human immunodeficiency virus regimens. Clin Infect Dis 32:963–969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Perrillo RP, Lai C-L, Liaw Y-F, Dienstag JL, Schiff ER, Schalm SW, Heathcote EJ, Brown NA, Atkins M, Woessner M, Gardner SD (2002) Predictors of HBeAg loss after lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 36:186–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Chien R-N, Liaw Y-F, Atkins M (1999) Pretherapy alanine transaminase level as a determinant for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 30:770–774

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Cooley L, Ayres A, Bartholomeusz A, Lewin S, Crowe S, Mijch A, Locarnini S, Sasadeusz J (2003) Prevalence and characterization of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutations in HIV-HBV co-infected individuals. AIDS 17:1649–1657

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Pillay D, Cane PA, Ratcliffe D, Atkins M, Cooper D, for the CAESAR Coordinating Committee (2000) Evolution of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus and HIV-1 in co-infected individuals: an analysis of the CAESAR study. AIDS 14:1111–1116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Wolters LMM, Niesters HGM, Hansen BE, van der Ende ME, Kroon FP, Richter C, Brinkman K, Meenhorst PL, de Man RA (2002) Development of hepatitis B virus resistance for lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in a Dutch cohort. J Clin Virol 24:173–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Bessesen M, Ives D, Condreay L, Lawrence S, Sherman KE (1999) Chronic active hepatitis B exacerbations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients following development of resistance to or withdrawal of lamivudine. Clin Infect Dis 28:1032–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Perrillo R, Schiff E, Yoshida E, Statler A, Hirsch K, Wright T, Guttfreund K, Lamy P, Murray A (2000) Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B mutants. Hepatology 32:129–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, Chang T-T, Kitis G, Rizzelto M, Marcellin P, Lim SG, Goodman Z, Wulfsohn MS, Xiong S, Fry J, Brosgart CL (2003) Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 348:800–807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Marcellin P, Chang T-T, Lim SG, Tong MJ, Sievert W, Shiffman ML, Jeffers L, Goodman Z, Wulfsohn MS, Xiong S, Fry J, Brosgart CL (2003) Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 348:808–816

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Xiong X, Flores C, Yang H, Toole JJ, Gibbs CS (1998) Mutations in hepatitis B DNA polymerase associated with resistance to lamivudine do not confer resistance to adefovir in vitro. Hepatology 28:1669–1673

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Gilson RJC, Chopra KB, Newell AM, Murray-Lyon IM, Nelson M, Rice SJ, Tedder RS, Toole J, Jaffe HS, Weller IVD (1999) A placebo-controlled phase I/II study of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 6:387–395

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, Calvez V, Fievet MH, Vig P, Gibbs CS, Brosgart C, Fry J, Namini H, Katlama C, Poynard T (2001) Safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in patients co-infected with HIV-1 and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus: an open-label pilot study. Lancet 358:718–723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, Calvez V, Fievet MH, Sullivan M, Brosgart C, Namini H, Poynard T, Katlama C (2002) Adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg suppresses HBV viral replication in HIV/HBV coinfected patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV. In: Program and abstracts of the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Abstract no. 123

  92. Delaugerre C, Marcelin A-G, Thibault V, Peytavin G, Bombled T, Bochet M-V, Katlama C, Benhamou Y, Calvez V (2002) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HIV-coinfected patients treated for HBV chronic infection once daily with 10 milligrams of adefovir dipivoxil combined with lamivudine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1586–1588

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Ristig MB, Crippin J, Aberg JA, Powderly WG, Lisker-Melman M, Kessels L, Tebas P (2002) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy for chronic hepatitis B in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected individuals for whom interferon-α and lamivudine therapy have failed. J Infect Dis 186:1844–1847

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Bruno R, Sacchi P, Zocchetti C, Ciappina V, Puoti M, Gaetano F (2003) Rapid hepatitis B virus-DNA decay in co-infected HIV-hepatitis B virus “e-minus” patients with YMDD mutations after 4 weeks of tenofovir therapy. AIDS 17:783–784

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Nelson M, Portsmouth S, Stebbing J, Atkins M, Barr A, Matthews G, Pillay D, Fisher M, Bower M, Gazzard B (2003) An open-label study of tenofovir in HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals. AIDS 17:F7–F10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Cooper D, Cheng A, Coakley D, Sayre J, Zhong L, Chen SS, Westland C, Miller M, Brosgart C (2002) Anti-HBV activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in lamivudine (LAM) experienced HIV/HBV coinfected. In: Program and abstracts of the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Abstract no. 124

  97. Marcelin AG, Tubiana R, Benhamou Y, Katlama C, Calvez V, Thibault V (2003) Long-term tenofovir treatment of lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B in HIV co-infected patients. In: Program and abstracts of the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Abstract no. 824

  98. Benhamou Y, Tubiana R, Thibault V (2003) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in patients with HIV and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. N Engl J Med 348:177–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. van Bommel F, Wunsche T, Schurmann D, Berg T (2002) Tenofovir treatment in patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B mutants strongly affects viral replication. Hepatology 36:507–508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Nunez M, Perez-Olmeda M, Diaz B, Rios P, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V (2002) Activity of tenofovir on hepatitis B virus replication in HIV-co-infected patients failing or partially responding to lamivudine. AIDS 16:2352–2354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Gish RG, Leung NWY, Wright TL, Trinh H, Lang W, Kessler HA, Fang L, Wang LH, Delehanty J, Rigney A, Mondou E, Snow A, Rousseau F (2002) Dose range study of pharmacokinetics, safety, and preliminary antiviral activity of emtricitabine in adults with hepatitis B virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1734–1740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Raffi F, Snow A, Borrot-Esoda K, Shaw A, Anderson J, Sorbel J, Quinn J, Mondou E, Rousseau F (2003) Anti-HBV activity of emtricitabine (FTC) in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis B virus. In: Program and abstracts of the 2nd International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, Abstract no. 215

  103. Lai CL, Rosmawati M, Lao J, van Vlierberghe H, Anderson FH, Thomas N, Dehertogh D (2002) Entecavir is superior to lamivudine in reducing hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Gastroenterology 123:1831–1838

    Google Scholar 

  104. Chang T, Hadziyannis S, Cianciara J (2002) Sustained viral load and ALT reduction following 48 weeks of entecavir treatment in subjects with chronic hepatitis B who have failed lamivudine. In: Program and abstracts of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), Abstract no. 550

  105. Cooper D, Dore G, Pozniak AL, DeJesus E, Tran S, Sayre J, Lu B, Westland C, Miller MD, Coakley DF, Cheng A (2003) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine combination therapy compared to lamivudine alone for HBV in therapy-naïve HIV/HBV co-infected patients: 48 week interim results. In: Program and abstracts of the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Abstract no. 825

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Lessells.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lessells, R., Leen, C. Management of hepatitis B in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23, 366–374 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1127-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1127-3

Keywords

Navigation