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Evaluation of two- and three-dimensional visualization for endoscopic endonasal surgery using a novel stereoendoscopic system in a novice: a comparison on a dry laboratory model

  • Experimental Research - Brain Tumors
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Abstract

Background

Three-dimensional (3-D) stereoscopic vision is theoretically superior to two-dimensional (2-D) vision in endoscopic endonasal surgery. However, only few reports have quantitatively compared endoscopic performance under the two visual conditions. We introduced a newly designed stereoendoscopic system with a “dual-lens and single camera” for endoscopic endonasal surgery and objectively compared the performances under 3-D and high-definition 2-D visualizations on a dry laboratory model.

Methods

Thirty subjects without experience performing endoscopic surgery, computer-simulated training or any 3-D video system were recruited and divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) for performing two different tasks. The novel 4.7-mm-diameter stereoendoscope provided high-definition (HD) images. In Task 1, Group A started the task under the 3-D condition followed by the 2-D condition, and Group B vice versa. In Task 2, Group A started the task under the 2-D condition followed by the 3-D condition, and Group B vice versa. The performance accuracy and speed under the two visual conditions were analyzed.

Results

Significant improvement in performance accuracy and speed was seen under 3-D conditions in the both “3-D first” and “2-D first” subgroups during both tasks (P < .001). Regardless of order, the inaccuracy rate and performance time under 3-D conditions was significantly lower than that under 2-D conditions in each subject.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the advantage of 3-D visualization over 2-D visualization for inexperienced subjects. Further quantitative clinical studies are required to confirm whether stereoendoscopy actually provides benefits in clinical settings.

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Acknowledgment

We thank MACHIDA Endoscope Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and SHINKO OPTICAL Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) for allowing us to use their stereoendoscopic system for this study. We also thank the medical students who participated in this study.

Ethical standards

The authors declare that this work met all ethical standards for research and scientific publication.

Conflicts of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan

    Yu Kawanishi, Yasunori Fujimoto, Mitsuhiro Takemura, Motonobu Nonaka, Eiichi Nakai, Noritaka Masahira, Takahito Nakajo & Keiji Shimizu

  2. Clinical Trial Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan

    Naoko Kumagai

Authors
  1. Yu Kawanishi
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  2. Yasunori Fujimoto
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  3. Naoko Kumagai
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  4. Mitsuhiro Takemura
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  5. Motonobu Nonaka
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  6. Eiichi Nakai
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  7. Noritaka Masahira
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  8. Takahito Nakajo
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  9. Keiji Shimizu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasunori Fujimoto.

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Kawanishi, Y., Fujimoto, Y., Kumagai, N. et al. Evaluation of two- and three-dimensional visualization for endoscopic endonasal surgery using a novel stereoendoscopic system in a novice: a comparison on a dry laboratory model. Acta Neurochir 155, 1621–1627 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-013-1757-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-013-1757-2

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