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Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV+ marijuana smokers: acute effects on caloric intake and mood

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Abstract

Rationale

No studies to date have directly compared the tolerability and efficacy of smoked marijuana and oral dronabinol in HIV+ marijuana smokers.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare dronabinol (0, 10, 20, 30 mg p.o.) and marijuana [0.0, 1.8, 2.8, 3.9% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] in two samples of HIV+ marijuana smokers: those with (n=15) and those without (n=15) a clinically significant loss of muscle mass (<90% body cell mass/height), which is one component of AIDS wasting.

Methods

Mood, physical symptoms, self-selected food intake, cardiovascular data, and cognitive task performance were measured before and repeatedly after dronabinol and marijuana administration in eight 7-h sessions. Marijuana and dronabinol were administered in randomized order using a within-subject, staggered, double-dummy design.

Results

As compared to placebo, (1) marijuana (1.8, 2.8, 3.9% THC) and the lower dronabinol doses (10, 20 mg) were well tolerated (e.g., few physical symptoms, significant increases in ratings of “good drug effect”) in both groups of participants; the highest dose of dronabinol (30 mg) was poorly tolerated in a subset of participants; (2) marijuana and dronabinol significantly increased caloric intake in the low bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) group but not in the normal BIA group; and (3) drug effects on cognitive performance were minor.

Conclusions

These data suggest that for experienced marijuana smokers with clinically significant muscle mass loss, both dronabinol (at acute doses at least four to eight times the current recommendation) and marijuana produce substantial and comparable increases in food intake without producing adverse effects.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mabel Torres, Stephanie Wexelbaum, Cassidy Cleavinger, Martin McElhiney, Ph.D., Judy Chiu, and Carl Hart, Ph.D., for their excellent assistance in completing this research. We also thank the US National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (DA 09236 and DA12698) for their support and for providing study marijuana.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 120, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Margaret Haney, Judith Rabkin, Erik Gunderson & Richard W. Foltin

Authors
  1. Margaret Haney
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  2. Judith Rabkin
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  3. Erik Gunderson
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  4. Richard W. Foltin
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Correspondence to Margaret Haney.

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All authors are associated with the Department of Psychiatry at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University.

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Haney, M., Rabkin, J., Gunderson, E. et al. Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV+ marijuana smokers: acute effects on caloric intake and mood. Psychopharmacology 181, 170–178 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-2242-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-2242-2

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