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Mikro-RNA in der Uroonkologie

Neue Hoffnungen für die Diagnostik und Therapie von Tumoren?

MicroRNA in uro-oncology

New hope for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors?

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Zusammenfassung

Mikro-RNA (miRNA) sind nicht kodierende RNA, die grundlegende zelluläre Prozesse steuern, aber auch mit Krebsmerkmalen assoziiert sind. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, Grundzüge der Biogenese und Funktion von miRNA sowie ihre Bedeutung in der Tumorentwicklung, insbesondere in der Uroonkologie zu beschreiben. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine PubMed-Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Bis März 2009 erschienen ca. 4500 Publikationen über miRNA. Expressionsstudien in Karzinomen und funktionelle Analysen belegen ihre besondere Rolle in der Kanzerogenese, ihr Potenzial als diagnostische und prognostische Marker sowie als Zielstruktur für neue Therapeutika. In der Uroonkologie wurden bisher nur wenige miRNA-Studien veröffentlicht. Tumorspezifische miRNA-Expressionen wurden zwar für urologische Karzinome nachgewiesen, widersprüchliche Daten zeigen jedoch, dass hier die Forschung noch am Anfang steht. Eine systematische Aufklärung charakteristischer miRNA-Anomalien könnte in Zukunft sowohl die Diagnostik als auch die Therapie urologischer Tumoren entscheidend verbessern helfen.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate basic cellular processes and are associated with cancer characteristics. The aim of this review is to summarize the principles of miRNA biogenesis and function and to describe their contribution to tumor development, especially in uro-oncology. Therefore a PubMed search was conducted. Up to March 2009 approximately 4,500 miRNA-related articles were cited in this database. Studies of miRNA expression and functional analyses prove their impact in carcinogenesis and their potential as diagnostic or prognostic markers or as novel therapeutic targets. Only a few miRNA-related studies have been published in uro-oncology so far. Although tumor-specific miRNA expression has been shown for urological neoplasms, the contradicting data show that miRNA research is still in its infancy in this field. A systematic elucidation of characteristic miRNA abnormalities could decisively improve diagnostics as well as therapy of urological tumors.

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Abbreviations

3’-UTR:

untranslatierter Bereich der mRNA

BAK1:

BCL2-antagonist/killer 1; zur BCL2-Familie gehörig

BCL2:

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2

Bim:

apoptoseregulierendes Protein der BCL2-Familie

CD44:

CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)

CpG:

Dinukleotidsequenz Cytosin-Phosphatdiester-Guanin

DNA:

Desoxyribonukleinsäure

E2F1:

E2F-Transkriptionsfaktor 1

E2F3:

E2F-Transkriptionsfaktor 3

EZH2:

enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Drosophila)

GENIM4:

gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 4

HMGA2:

high mobility group AT-hook 2

Hsa-miR:

Homo sapiens mikro-RNA

LNCaP:

Prostatakarzinomzelllinie

MeSH:

„medical subject headings“ der Datenbank PubMed

miRISC:

MiRNA induced silencing complex

miRNA:

Mikro-RNA

mRNA:

Messenger-RNA

p21/WAF1:

zyklinabhängiger Kinaseinhibitor p21

p27kip :

zyklinabhängiger Kinaseinhibitor p27

p53:

Tumorsuppressorgen p53

PC3:

Prostatakarzinomzelllinie

Pre-miRNA:

Vorläufer-miRNA

Pri-miRNA:

Primäre miRNA

RASV12:

RAS-Onkogen

RNA:

Ribonukleinsäure

ROCK1:

Proteinkinase (rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1)

RT-PCR:

reverse Transkriptase-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion

SOX4:

SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: Die Arbeit enthält aktualisierte Angaben aus einer Übersicht der Autoren, die in der Zeitschrift Urologic Oncology erscheint (Epub ahead of print, December 29, 2008; doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.10.021). Trotz des möglichen Interessenkonflikts ist der Beitrag unabhängig und produktneutral.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Urologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Schumannstraße 20/21, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Schaefer, M. Jung, M. Lein, M. Schrader, K. Miller, C. Stephan &  K. Jung

  2. Berliner Forschungsinstitut für Urologie, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Schaefer, M. Lein &  K. Jung

  3. Institut für Klinische Pathologie, Universitätshospital, Zürich, Schweiz

    G. Kristiansen

  4. Institut für Pathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Erbersdobler

  5. Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie und Pharmazie, Freie Universität, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Schaefer

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  1. A. Schaefer
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  2. M. Jung
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  4. M. Lein
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Correspondence to K. Jung.

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Schaefer, A., Jung, M., Kristiansen, G. et al. Mikro-RNA in der Uroonkologie. Urologe 48, 877–885 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-009-2010-8

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