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Die S3-Leitlinie Exokrines Pankreaskarzinom

The S3 Guideline Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer

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Zusammenfassung

In Deutschland erkranken jährlich etwa 13 000 Menschen am Pankreaskarzinom. Über 95% der Pankreaskarzinome sind Adenokarzinome und entstehen durch maligne Entartung des exokrinen Pankreas. Sehr wahrscheinlich entwickelt sich das duktale Pankreaskarzinom aus prämalignen Vorstufen des Pankreasgangepithels, den sog. PanIns (für pankreatische intraepitheliale Neoplasien). Männer und Frauen sind von der Erkrankung etwa gleich häufig betroffen. Bei Männern nimmt das Pankreaskarzinom den neunten, bei Frauen den siebten Platz in der Statistik der Krebsneuerkrankungen in Deutschland ein. Das duktale Pankreaskarzinom wird aufgrund fehlender spezifischer Frühsymptome in der Regel spät diagnostiziert und ist weitgehend resistent gegenüber Chemo- oder Strahlentherapie. Nur durch R0-Resektion des Tumors besteht eine Chance auf Heilung. Die ungünstige Prognose dieser Tumorerkrankung spiegelt sich im Umstand wider, dass das Pankreaskarzinom an fünfter Stelle der Krebstodesursachenstatistik steht und die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate lediglich 4% beträgt.

Um die vorhandene Evidenz zum Verständnis der Entstehung, Diagnostik und Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms zu beurteilen, wurde im Jahr 2007 die interdisziplinäre S3-Leitlinie „Exokrines Pankreaskarzinom“ erarbeitet und publiziert. Die Leitlinie hat das Ziel, eine frühere Diagnosestellung, eine höhere Rate an kurativ intendierten Resektionen, eine Verlängerung des Überlebens postoperativ sowie in der palliativen Situation bei guter Lebensqualität zu ermöglichen und in der supportiven Therapie Schmerztherapie und Mangelernährung nachhaltig zu verbessern. Im Folgenden sollen die Grundzüge der Leitlinie und wesentliche Neuerungen, die sich seit Drucklegung der Leitlinie ergeben haben, dargestellt werden.

Abstract

Each year about 13,000 patients are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in Germany. More than 95% of all pancreatic cancers are ductal adenocarcinomas and originate from malignant transformation of the exocrine pancreas. There is good evidence that ductal pancreatic cancer develops from so-called PanIn lesions of the ductal epithelium (for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia). Males and females are affected at a similar rate. In the German cancer registry, ductal pancreatic cancer incidence is ninth in males and seventh in females. Ductal pancreatic cancer is mostly diagnosed at a late stage. This is due to a lack of early symptoms. The tumor is rather refractory to chemo- or radiotherapy. Only R0 resection of the tumor bears a chance of cure. The unfavorable prognosis of ductal pancreatic cancer is reflected by the fact that pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death and 5-year survival is only 4%.

To assess the current evidence in our understanding of carcinogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, the interdiciplinary S3 guideline "Exocrine pancreatic cancer" was established and published in 2007. The aim of this guideline is to improve early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, to achieve a higher rate of curative surgery, to prolong survival postoperatively as well as in the palliative setting, to assure a good quality of life, and to improve pain management and nutritional support in supportive care. In the following article the authors will highlight major points of the S3 guideline and point out important developments that have occurred after publication of the guideline. Key Words:

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Correspondence to Thomas Seufferlein.

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Seufferlein, T., Adler, G. Die S3-Leitlinie Exokrines Pankreaskarzinom. Med Klin 104, 869–874 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-009-1183-7

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