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Impact of glass technology on future electrical individual transportation: the Pop.Up case study

  • SI: Glass Performance Paper
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Abstract

Low driving range is one of the main obstacles for a larger market penetration of future autonomous Electric Vehicles (EV). Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system size and consumption can lower the range of an EV from 5 to 50%, depending on the outside weather conditions, vehicle size, vehicle envelope characteristics and driving style. The present paper investigates the impact of vehicle transparent envelope design and characteristics on vehicle performance, that is EV driving range or HVAC size for internal combustion vehicles, considering traditional glazing solutions as well as switchable glazing technologies. Sensitivity analysis on vehicle transparent envelope properties was carried out by means of a lumped thermal model, tested in pull-down test and static summer conditions. The results show that by optimizing transparent envelope characteristics, the size of the HVAC system can be largely reduced (up to 25%) by maintaining even higher comfortable level inside the vehicle (maximum perceived temperature reduced by 10% and higher surface temperatures reduced by 55%). Air conditioning load reduction can impact the driving range for EV between 5 and 10%, depending on battery capacity and vehicle average consumption. Larger improvement could be achieved by optimizing the opaque part of the vehicle envelope as well. This result is particularly important for material and component manufacturer supplying the automotive industry, and could positively impact on a deeper penetration of EV in the mass market.

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(Source: Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A.)

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Notes

  1. While visible transmission of the front side windshield (included in the field of view of the driver) could be reduced to 70% (EN 2014; UN/ECE 2018) and rear windshields to approximately 35 % depending on the country (EN 2014; UN/ECE 2018; CLEPA 2001).

  2. The simulation conditions are characterized by an internal and external convective heat exchange coefficient of \(4~\hbox {W}/\hbox {m}^{2}\,\hbox {K}\) and \(33~\hbox {W}/\hbox {m}^{2}\,\hbox {K}\) (to reflect a moving vehicle at an average speed in an urban cycle). In this paper, all the U values have been reported to standard conditions according to EN ISO 673 (CEN - EN 2011).

  3. According to ISO 8996 (ISO 2004), the metabolic heat production, M, of a driver and a sitting passenger are respectively equal to 85 W/\(\hbox {m}^{2}\) and 55 W/\(\hbox {m}^{2}\).

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Acknowledgements

The present study was carried out in the context of “Alta Scuola Politecnica” project (Polytechnic Excellence School), a two-year multidisciplinary project with the participation of students between Politecnico di Torino and Milano. The authors would like to acknowledge Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A for supporting the research activity and providing information about the Pop.Up vehicle concept.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy

    Fabio Favoino, Enrica Raheli, Marco Simonetti, Marco Perino & Marco Masoero

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156, Milan, Italy

    Daniele Ramirez & Francesco Pilosio

  3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy

    Saverio Tavernese

Authors
  1. Fabio Favoino
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  2. Enrica Raheli
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  3. Daniele Ramirez
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  4. Francesco Pilosio
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  5. Saverio Tavernese
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  6. Marco Simonetti
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  7. Marco Perino
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  8. Marco Masoero
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Contributions

Conceptualization, FF; Data curation, FF, ER and DR; Formal analysis, FF, ER and DR; Investigation, FF, ER, DR, FP and ST; Methodology FF; Supervision, FF, MS, MM; Writing—original draft FF, ER and DR; Writing—review and editing FF, MS and MP.

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Correspondence to Fabio Favoino.

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Favoino, F., Raheli, E., Ramirez, D. et al. Impact of glass technology on future electrical individual transportation: the Pop.Up case study. Glass Struct Eng 5, 117–131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40940-019-00104-7

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