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Three-dimensional Printed Mg-Doped β-TCP Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Effects of Magnesium Ion Concentration on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro

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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Background:

Three-dimensional (3D) printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds have been widely used in research and clinical applications. β-TCP is a biomaterial commonly used in bone tissue engineering to treat bone defects, and its multifunctionality can be achieved by co-doping different metal ions. Magnesium doping in biomaterials has been shown to alter physicochemical properties of cells and enhance osteogenesis.

Methods:

A series of Mg-doped TCP scaffolds were manufactured by using cryogenic 3D printing technology and sintering. The characteristics of the porous scaffolds, such as microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, apparent porosity, etc., were examined. To further study the role of magnesium ions in simultaneously inducing osteogenesis and angiogenesis, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umblical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in scaffold extracts to investigate cell proliferation, viability, and expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes.

Results:

The results showed that Mg-doped TCP scaffolds have the advantages of precise design, interconnected porous structure, and similar compressive strength to natural cancellous bone. hBMSCs and HUVECs exhibit high proliferation rate, cell morphology and viability in a certain amount of Mg2+. In addition, this concentration of magnesium can also increase the expression levels of osteogenic and angiogenic biomarkers.

Conclusion:

A certain concentration of magnesium ions plays an important role in new bone regeneration and reconstruction. It can be used as a simple and effective method to enhance the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bioceramic scaffolds, and support the development of biomaterials and bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China under Grant No. 2017B090912007.

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Author notes

  1. Yifan Gu and Jing Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Yifan Gu, Guiping Liang & Wei Niu

  2. Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China

    Yifan Gu, Guiping Liang & Wei Niu

  3. Medprin Regenerative Medical Technologies Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China

    Jing Zhang

  4. East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000, China

    Jing Zhang, Xinzhi Zhang & Tao Xu

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Tao Xu

  6. Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Tao Xu

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  1. Yifan Gu
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Correspondence to Tao Xu or Wei Niu.

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Gu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X. et al. Three-dimensional Printed Mg-Doped β-TCP Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Effects of Magnesium Ion Concentration on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro. Tissue Eng Regen Med 16, 415–429 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-019-00192-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-019-00192-0

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