Abstract
Cannibalism in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (FAW), is a limiting factor in a baculovirus production system. To detect the impact of cannibalism, a two-step bioassay was conducted with different larval ages of FAW fed on two food sources (corn and castor bean leaves) contaminated with the S. frugiperda multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus. In a first bioassay, the food source affected the cannibalism, being higher for all larval ages tested (5-, 6- and 7-day-old larvae) in larvae fed on corn than on those fed on castor bean leaves. Larval mortality, weight equivalent and larval equivalents (LEs) per hectare decreased as the larval age increased. Larval weight, occlusion bodies (OBs)/larva and total OBs increased when the larval age increased. In a second bioassay, in which only 6- and 7-day-old larvae were used because of the performance in the first bioassay, the cannibalism rates were affected by the interaction between food sources and time of feeding (48 and 72 h), reaching the highest values for 6- and 7-day-old larvae fed on corn leaves for 72 h. Mortality of the FAW was affected by the interaction between food sources, larval age and time of feeding. The lowest mortalities were on 7-day-old larvae when they were fed on castor bean leaves for 48 and 72 h. Larval weight, OBs/larva, total OBs and LEs were affected by the interaction between food sources and larval age. A significant correlation was observed between larval weight and OBs/larva that fed on both food sources, suggesting that larval weight can be used to achieve a concentration to be sprayed in 1 ha.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Celso G. Vieira and Osmar Santana for maintaining the insect culture. We also would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financially supporting authors R.C. Pena, R. Andreazza and M.R.F. Guimarães; CNPq and the Research Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for financially supporting E.S. Tuelher and Research and Projects Financing (FINEP) for supporting this project.
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Edited by Madelaine Venzon – EPAMIG
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Valicente, F.H., Tuelher, E.S., Pena, R.C. et al. Cannibalism and Virus Production in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Fed with Two Leaf Substrates Inoculated with Baculovirus spodoptera . Neotrop Entomol 42, 191–199 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0108-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0108-6