Abstract
Phase field simulations of phase separation in Fe-Cr binary alloys were performed by using the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion function. A new mobility model in relation to aging temperature and Cr content was used in the simulations. Two alloys of Fe-30at%Cr and Fe-35at%Cr were investigated at two different aging temperatures of 573 and 673 K. The phase separation kinetics was found to consist of three stages: wavelength modulation, amplitude increase, and coarsening of Cr-enriched regions. A higher thermal aging temperature accelerated the phase separation and increased the wavelength of concentration fluctuation. While the effect of Cr content on the phase separation kinetics was slight, Fe-Cr alloys with a higher Cr content were found to generate a larger number and a finer size of Cr-enriched regions. The simulation results provide consultation for design and safe operation of duplex stainless steel pipes in nuclear power plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Bonny, R.C. Pasianot, L. Malerba, A. Caro, P. Olsson, and M.Y. Lavrentiev, Numerical prediction of thermodynamic properties of iron-chromium alloys using semiempirical cohesive models: the state of the art, J. Nucl. Mater., 385(2009), No. 2, p. 268.
G. Bonny, D. Terentyev, and L. Malerba, The hardening of iron-chromium alloys under thermal ageing: an atomistic study, J. Nucl. Mater., 385(2009), No. 2, p. 278.
J.S. Cheon and I.S. Kim, Evaluation of thermal aging embrittlement in CF8 duplex stainless steel by small punch test, J. Nucl. Mater., 278(2000), No. 1, p. 96.
F.A. Garner, J.M. McCarthy, K.C. Russell, and J.J. Hoyt, Spinodal-like decomposition of Fe-35Ni and Fe-Cr-35Ni alloys during irradiation or thermal aging, J. Nucl. Mater., 205(1993), No. 10, p. 411.
S.L. Li, X.T. Wang, Y.L. Wang, and S.X. Li, Effects of thermal aging on micro-mechanical properties and impact fracture behavior of Z3CN20-09M stainless steels, Acta Metall. Sin., 47(2011), No. 6, p. 751.
S.L. Li, Y.L. Wang, S.X. Li, and X.T. Wang, Effect of long term aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast austenitic stainless steels, Acta Metall. Sin., 46(2010), No. 10, p. 1186.
S.L. Li, Y.L. Wang, H.L. Zhang, S.X. Li, K. Zheng, and X.T. Wang, Microstructure evolution and impact fracture behaviors of Z3CN20-09M stainless steels after long-term thermal aging, J. Nucl. Mater., 433(2013), No. 1–3, p. 41.
F. Danoix and P. Auger, Atom probe studies of the Fe-Cr system and stainless steels aged at intermediate temperature: a review, Mater. Charact., 44(2000), No. 1–2, p. 177.
V.M. Lopez-Hirata, O. Soriano-Vargas, H.J. Rosales-Dorantes, and M.L.S. Muñoz, Phase decomposition in an Fe-40at.% Cr alloy after isothermal aging and its effect on hardening, Mater. Charact., 62(2011), No. 8, p. 789.
T. Yamada, S. Okano, and H. Kuwano, Mechanical property and microstructural change by thermal aging of SCS14A cast duplex stainless steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 350(2006), No. 1, p. 47.
S. Novy, P. Pareige, and C. Pareige, Atomic scale analysis and phase separation understanding in a thermally aged Fe-20at.%Cr alloy, J. Nucl. Mater., 384(2009), No. 2, p. 96.
M.K. Miller, J.M. Hyde, M.G. Hetherington, A. Cerezo, G.D.W. Smith, and C.M. Elliott, Spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys: experimental study at the atomic level and comparison with computer models — I. Introduction and methodology, Acta Metall. Mater., 43(1995), No. 9. p. 3385.
J.M. Hyde, M.K. Miller, M.G. Hetherington, A. Cerezo, G.D.W. Smith, and C.M. Elliott, Spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys: experimental study at the atomic level and comparison with computer models — II. Development of domain size and composition amplitude, Acta Metall. Mater., 43(1995), No. 9, p. 3403.
J.M. Hyde, M.K. Miller, M.G. Hetherington, A. Cerezo, G.D.W. Smith, and C.M. Elliott, Spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys: experimental study at the atomic level and comparison with computer models — III. Development of morphology, Acta Metall. Mater., 43(1995), No. 9. p. 3415.
O. Soriano-Vargas, E.O. Avila-Davila, V.M. Lopez-Hirata, N. Cayetano-Castro, and J.L. Gonzalez-Velazquez, Effect of spinodal decomposition on the mechanical behavior of Fe-Cr alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 527(2010), No. 12, p. 2910.
Y.S. Li, S.X. Li, and T.Y. Zhang, Effect of dislocations on spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys, J. Nucl. Mater., 395(2009), No. 1–3, p. 120.
Y.S. Li, H. Zhu, L. Zhang, and X.L. Cheng, Phase decomposition and morphology characteristic in thermal aging Fe-Cr alloys under applied strain: a phase-field simulation, J. Nucl. Mater., 429(2012), No. 1–3, p. 13.
J.W. Cahn and J.E. Hilliard, Free energy of a nonuniform system: I. Interfacial free energy, J. Chem. Phys., 28(1958), No. 2, p. 258.
J.W. Cahn, On spinodal decomposition, Acta Metall., 9(1961), No. 9, p. 795.
J.O. Andersson and B. Sundman, Thermodynamic properties of the Cr-Fe system, Calphad, 11(1987), No. 1, p. 83.
D. Raabe, Computational Materials Science: the Simulation of Materials, Microstructures and Properties, Wiley-VCH, 1998, p. 120.
J. Tomiska, The system Fe-Ni-Cr: revision of the thermodynamic description, J. Alloys Compd., 379(2004), No. 1–2, p. 176.
M. Honjo and Y. Saito, Numerical simulation of phase separation in Fe-Cr binary and Fe-Cr-Mo ternary alloys with use of the cahn-hilliard equation, ISIJ Int., 40(2000), No. 9, p. 914.
E.A. Brandes and G.B. Brook, Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th edition, Oxford, 1998, p. 90.
B.J. Lee, J.H. Shim, and H.M. Park, A semi-empirical atomic potential for the Fe-Cr binary system, Calphad, 25(2001), No. 4, p. 527.
B. Jönsson, Assessment of the mobilities of Cr, Fe and Ni in bcc Cr-Fe-Ni alloys, ISIJ Int., 35(1995), No. 11, p. 1415.
J.O. Andersson and J. Agren, Models for numerical treatment of multicomponent diffusion in simple phases, J. Appl. Phys., 72(1992), No. 4, p. 1350.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Sx., Zhang, Hl., Li, Sl. et al. Effects of thermal aging temperature and Cr content on phase separation kinetics in Fe-Cr alloys simulated by the phase field method. Int J Miner Metall Mater 20, 1067–1075 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0835-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0835-z