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Optimization of pre-swirl nozzle shape and radial location to increase discharge coefficient and temperature drop

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Abstract

Hole-type pre-swirl nozzle was optimized using CFD analysis and experiments. CFD methodologies were validated by comparing the CFD results with experiments. Four design variables were considered in the optimization process: Nozzle inlet length (L), outlet length (l), inlet diameter (D), and radial location (rp). The optimization process included the optimal Latin hypercube design sampling method with the Kriging surrogate model and genetic algorithm. The single-objective optimization was performed to maximize the discharge coefficient. Results showed that the optimized nozzle reduced total pressure losses and increased mass flow rate. Total temperature drop effectiveness was increased from 0.07 to 0.29. The total temperature in pre-swirl system could be characterized as the reduction in temperature by nozzle acceleration and elevation by aerodynamic losses due to friction and viscous effects in the system. The optimized model showed a discharge coefficient of 0.846, which was 31.7 % higher than the baseline condition. By improving the discharge coefficient the pre-swirl system reduced aerodynamic losses, and the mass flow rate was increased at certain pressure ratios or satisfied the pressure margin for blade cooling.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross-sectional area, m2

a :

Pitch radius of inner cavity, m

a 1 :

Model constant of turbulence model

B :

Model constant of turbulence model

b :

Pitch radius of outer cavity, m

C D :

Discharge coefficient

C W :

Non-dimensional mass flow rate

c :

Cavity gap, m

D :

Nozzle inlet diameter, m

d :

Nozzle exit diameter, m

F :

Blending function

h :

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy

l p :

Pre-swirler axial length, m

ṁ :

Mass flow rate, kg/s

p :

Pressure, N/m2

r :

Radius, m

r p :

Pitch radius of nozzle exit, m

r r :

Pitch radius of receiver hole, m

R :

Specific gas constant, J/(kg K)

Re :

Reynolds number = (Vpd)/v

Re Φ :

Rotational Reynolds number = (Ω rp2)/v

S E :

Source due to heat production

S M :

Body force, N

T :

Temperature, K

V :

Velocity, m/s

W :

Relative velocity, m/s

y + :

Dimensionless wall distance

α :

Pre-swirl angle, deg

α’:

Model constant of turbulence model

β :

Swirl ratio

γ :

Fraction

η :

Temperature drop effectiveness

κ :

Isentropic exponent

ν :

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

ρ :

Density, m3/kg

σ :

Model constant of turbulence model

τ :

Viscous stress, N/m2

π :

Pressure ratio = (p0t/p2s)

Ω:

Angular velocity of rotor, 1/s

Ωij :

Mean rate of rotation tensor

ω :

Specific rate of dissipation

abs:

Absolute

ax:

Axial

i:

Ideal

p:

Pre-swirler

R:

Receiver hole

s:

Static

t:

Total, tangential, temperature

Φ:

Rotational, circumferential

0:

Stage 0

1:

Stage 1

2:

Stage 2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea

    Hyungyu Lee & Jinsoo Cho

  2. Department of Convergence Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea

    Jungsoo Lee

  3. 5th Directorate, 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Korea

    Donghwa Kim

Authors
  1. Hyungyu Lee
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  2. Jungsoo Lee
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  3. Donghwa Kim
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  4. Jinsoo Cho
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinsoo Cho.

Additional information

Recommended by Associate Editor Donghyun You

Hyungyu Lee is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea. He is a member of the Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory. He is majoring in aerodynamics and turbomachinery. He has conducted studies on the aerodynamic with heat transfer analysis of gas turbine secondary air system.

Jinsoo Cho is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea. He is in-charge of the Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory. In 1988, he received a doctorate in philosophy from Purdue University, USA. His doctoral research topic was the steady/unsteady aerodynamic analysis of aircraft, including propellers and ducted fans. He studied aerodynamics and turbomachinery.

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Lee, H., Lee, J., Kim, D. et al. Optimization of pre-swirl nozzle shape and radial location to increase discharge coefficient and temperature drop. J Mech Sci Technol 33, 4855–4866 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0926-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0926-5

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