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Neuroprotection by Spice-Derived Nutraceuticals: You Are What You Eat!

Molecular Neurobiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Numerous lines of evidence indicate that chronic inflammation plays a major role in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, and meningitis. Why these diseases are more common among people from some countries than others is not fully understood, but lifestyle factors have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the incidence of certain neurodegenerative diseases among people living in the Asian subcontinent, where people regularly consume spices, is much lower than in countries of the western world. Extensive research over the last 10 years has indicated that nutraceuticals derived from such spices as turmeric, red pepper, black pepper, licorice, clove, ginger, garlic, coriander, and cinnamon target inflammatory pathways, thereby may prevent neurodegenerative diseases. How these nutraceuticals modulate various pathways and how they exert neuroprotection are the focus of this review.

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Abbreviations

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

Abeta:

Amyloid beta peptide

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AGE:

Aged garlic extract

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CCR5:

Chemokine receptor type 5

DADS:

Di-Allyl-disulfide

Egr-1:

Early growth response-1

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

fAbeta:

Beta-amyloid fibrils

FS:

Folliculostellate

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCP1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein 1

MIP-1β:

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 β

MPP:

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridnium ion

MPTP:

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-B

NTR:

Neurotrophin receptor

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PrP:

Prion protein

PrP-res:

Protease-resistant prion protein

PTCH1:

Protein patched homolog 1

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAC:

S-Allyl-cysteine

Shh:

Sonic Hedgehog

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TRAIL:

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

TSE:

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Aggarwal is the Ransom Horne, Jr., Professor of Cancer Research. This work was partly supported by a grant from a core grant from the National Institutes of Health (CA-16672), a program project grant from National Institutes of Health (NIH CA-124787-01A2), and a grant from the Center for Targeted Therapy of MD Anderson Cancer Center. We thank Michael Worley, Department of Scientific Publications, for editorial assistance.

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Correspondence to Bharat Bhushan Aggarwal.

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Kannappan, R., Gupta, S.C., Kim, J.H. et al. Neuroprotection by Spice-Derived Nutraceuticals: You Are What You Eat!. Mol Neurobiol 44, 142–159 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8168-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8168-2

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