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Presence and Risk Factors for Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes

  • Microvascular Complications—Retinopathy (JK Sun and PS Silva, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a growing international public health issue with a near quadrupling in its worldwide prevalence since 1980. Though it has many known microvascular complications, vision loss from diabetic retinopathy is one of the most devastating for affected individuals. In addition, there is increasing evidence to suggest that diabetic patients have a greater risk for glaucoma as well. Though the pathophysiology of glaucoma is not completely understood, both diabetes and glaucoma appear to share some common risk factors and pathophysiologic similarities with studies also reporting that the presence of diabetes and elevated fasting glucose levels are associated with elevated intraocular pressure—the primary risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. While no study has completely addressed the possibility of detection bias, most recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic populations are likely enriched with glaucoma patients. As the association between diabetes and glaucoma becomes better defined, routine evaluation for glaucoma in diabetic patients, particularly in the telemedicine setting, may become a reasonable consideration to reduce the risk of vision loss in these patients.

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Acknowledgments

Supported in part by the Harvard Vision Clinical Scientist Development Program through the National Institute of Health Grant 5K12 EY016335 (Bethesda, MD), the Harvard Glaucoma Center of Excellence (Boston, MA), and the Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund (Belmont, MA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Brian J. Song & Louis R. Pasquale

  2. Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Lloyd Paul Aiello

  3. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Louis R. Pasquale

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Correspondence to Brian J. Song.

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Conflict of Interest

Lloyd Paul Aiello has received travel reimbursement from Optos plc (Dunfermline, United Kingdom).

Outside the scope of this work, Louis R. Pasquale is a paid consultant for Novartis and Bausch+Lomb, Inc. He has received travel support to attend Glaucoma Think Tank meetings by the Glaucoma Foundation (New York, NY).

Brian J. Song has no conflicts of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Microvascular Complications—Retinopathy

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Song, B.J., Aiello, L.P. & Pasquale, L.R. Presence and Risk Factors for Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 16, 124 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0815-6

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