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Oyster reef restoration: effect of alternative substrates on oyster recruitment and nekton habitat use

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Abstract

Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in Gulf of Mexico estuaries create complex reefs and provide important habitat for fish and crustaceans. Oyster reefs have suffered historic losses due to overharvest, disease, and degraded water quality, and recent efforts have focused on restoring reefs to benefit nekton populations. Oyster shell is the preferred substrate for oyster reef restoration, but as a consequence of its limited supply, a variety of alternative substrates are being used. We used field experiments to quantify the effects of substrate type (concrete, porcelain, limestone, river rock, and oyster shell) on oyster recruitment, growth, and nekton habitat use in St. Charles Bay, TX. After 4 months, oyster spat recruitment density, nekton density and community structure were similar across substrate types—and analogous to those on natural reefs—but differed from samples collected on bare sediment. To determine refuge value of the alternative substrates, we tested mud crab (Panopeidae) prey mortality with and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) or blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) predators. Prey mortality was similar across substrate types for both predators, and was significantly lower than no substrate and bare sand controls. Alternative substrates can provide important structural materials to support the development of oyster populations and nekton assemblages, and may be used to promote sustainable management of oyster reef resources via restoration.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Texas General Land Office Coastal Management Program contract number 13-041-000-6908, the Center for Coastal Studies, and the Hans and Pat Suter Scholarship Fund. Thanks to Dr. Paul Montagna and Dr. Lee Smee for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Thanks also to B. Blomberg, A. Cohen, E. Diaz, J. Nevins, M. Rodriguez, R. Rezek, and G. Sutton, and staff at the Texas A&M AgriLife Mariculture Research Lab in Port Aransas, TX.

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  1. Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA

    Lindsey Marie George, Kevin De Santiago, Terence A. Palmer & Jennifer Beseres Pollack

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  1. Lindsey Marie George
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  2. Kevin De Santiago
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  3. Terence A. Palmer
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  4. Jennifer Beseres Pollack
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Correspondence to Jennifer Beseres Pollack.

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George, L.M., De Santiago, K., Palmer, T.A. et al. Oyster reef restoration: effect of alternative substrates on oyster recruitment and nekton habitat use. J Coast Conserv 19, 13–22 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0351-y

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