Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation on pretreatment of centrifugal mother liquid produced in the production of polyvinyl chloride by air-Fenton technique

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Centrifugal mother liquid (CML) is one of the main sources of wastewater produced during the production of polyvinyl chloride in chlor-alkali industry. CML is a typical poorly biodegradable organic wastewater, containing many kinds of refractory pollutants. Specifically, it contains dissolved refractory polymers, especially polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which can pass though the biotreatment processes and clog the membranes used for further treatment. In this study, to ensure the CML applicable to biotreatment and membrane treatment, a novel efficient and mild technique, air-Fenton treatment, was employed as a pretreatment technique to improve biodegradability of the CML and to break down the polymers in the CML. Firstly, the technique was optimized for the CML treatment by optimizing the main parameters, including the dosage of ferrous sulfate, initial pH of the wastewater, [H2O2]/[Fe2+], aeration rate, reaction time, and temperature, based on removal efficiency of COD and PVA from the CML. Then, the optimized technique was tested and evaluated. The results indicated that under the optimized conditions, the air-Fenton treatment could remove 66, 98, and 55 % of the COD, PVA, and TOC, respectively, from the CML. After the treatment, biodegradability of the wastewater increased significantly (BOD/COD increased from 0.31 to 0.68), and almost all of the PVA polymers were removed or broken down. Meanwhile, concentration of the remaining iron ions, which were added during the treatment, was also quite low (only 2.9 mg/L). Furthermore, most of the suspended materials and ammonia nitrogen, and some of the phosphorus in the wastewater were removed simultaneously.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al Mubaddal F, Al Rumaihi K, Ajbar A (2009) Performance optimization of coagulation/flocculation in the treatment of wastewater from a polyvinyl chloride plant. J Hazard Mater 161:431–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • APHA (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Bautista P, Mohedano AF, Casas JA, Zazo JA, Rodriguez JJ (2008) An overview of the application of Fenton oxidation to industrial wastewaters treatment. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 83:1323–1338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bing J (2012) Analysis on situations of China’s PVC industry in the year 2011. Polyvinyl Chloride 40:1–8 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao G, Sheng M, Niu W, Fei Y, Li D (2009) Regeneration and reuse of iron catalyst for Fenton-like reactions. J Hazard Mater 172:1446–1449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Q, Wu P, Li Y, Zhu N, Zhi D (2009) Heterogeneous photo-Fenton photodegradation of reactive brilliant orange X-GN over iron-pillared montmorillonite under visible irradiation. J Hazard Mater 168:901–908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng H, Xu W, Liu J, Wang H, He Y, Chen G (2007) Pretreatment of wastewater from triazine manufacturing by coagulation, electrolysis, and internal microelectrolysis. J Hazard Mater 146:385–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu X (2010) PVA degradation by a combined method of advanced oxidation pre-treatment and bio-degradation. Dissertation, Qingdao University of Science & Technology (in Chinese)

  • Clark WM, Cohen B (1923) Studies on oxidation-reduction. II. An analysis of the theoretical relations between reduction potentials and pH. Public Health Rep 38:666–683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y (2007) Physical and oxidative removal of organics during Fenton treatment of mature municipal landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 146:334–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y, Englehardt J (2009) Kinetics and oxidative mechanism for H2O2 enhanced iron-mediated aeration (IMA) treatment of recalcitrant organic compounds in mature landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 169:370–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong D, Song X, Hua X, Yuan M, Liang J, Guo Z, Liang D (2012) Relationship between COD and TOC of typical wastewaters in Jilin Province and mechanism and main influencing factor. J Jilin Univ (Earth Sci Ed) 42:1446–1455 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesterberg CK, Waite TD (2006) Process optimization of Fenton oxidation using kinetic modeling. Environ Sci Technol 40:4189–4195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesterberg CK, Cooper WJ, Waite TD (2005) Fenton-mediated oxidation in the presence and absence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 39:5052–5058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esplugas S, Gimenez J, Contreras S, Pascual E, Rodríguez M (2002) Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes for phenol degradation. Water Res 36:1034–1042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenton HJH (1894) LXXIII.—Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron. J Chem Soc Trans 65:899–910

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finley JH (1961) Spectrophotometric determination of polyvinyl alcohol in paper coatings. Anal Chem 33:1925–1927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gogate PR, Pandit AB (2004) A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment I: oxidation technologies at ambient conditions. Adv Environ Res 8:501–551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herney-Ramirez J, Vicente MA, Madeira LM (2010) Heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation with pillared clay-based catalysts for wastewater treatment: a review. Appl Catal, B 98:10–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Wang X, Ban Y, Ren B (2011) A comparative study of UV–Fenton, UV–H2O2 and Fenton reaction treatment of landfill leachate. Environ Technol 32:945–951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang P (2007) Study on treatment of thermophilic PVC wastewater in aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor. Dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology (in Chinese)

  • Jeffery GH, Basset J, Mendham J, Denny RC (1989) Vogel’s textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, 5th edn. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, pp 368–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang YW, Hwang KY (2000) Effects of reaction conditions on the oxidation efficiency in the Fenton process. Water Res 34:2786–2790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labunska I, Brigden K, Santillo D, Johnston P, Walters A (2008) Characterisation of wastewater discharges from chloralkali plants and associated chlorinated chemical production facilities in Spain. Greenpeace Research Laboratories Technical Note (12/2008), University of Exeter, Exeter

  • Lei L (2000) Advanced oxidation of polyvinyl-alcohol by the photo-Fenton reaction. Acta Sci Circumst 20:139–144 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Chen Y, Chiou Y, Liu C (2007) Dye wastewater treated by Fenton process with ferrous ions electrolytically generated from iron-containing sludge. J Hazard Mater 144:570–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin SH, Chang CC (2000) Treatment of landfill leachate by combined electro-Fenton oxidation and sequencing batch reactor method. Water Res 34:4243–4249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang Y (2010) Operation summary of PVC centrifugal mother liquid recycling. China Chlor-Alkal 2:41–43 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez A, Pagano M, Volpe A, Pinto ACD (2004) Fenton’s pre-treatment of mature landfill leachate. Chemosphere 54:1005–1010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neyens E, Baeyens J (2003) A review of classic Fenton’s peroxidation as an advanced oxidation technique. J Hazard Mater 98:33–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan J, Sun T, Li H (2007) Effects and mechanisms of inorganic anions in water on degradation of LAS by UV/H2O2 combination process. Environ Sci 28:2539–2543 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello JJ, Oliveros E, MacKay A (2006) Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 36:1–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song Y, Li Y (2009) Reutilization of mother liquid of PVC and biological treatment technology. China Chlor-Alkal 1:36–39 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan C, Gao N, Chu W, Li C, Templeton MR (2012) Degradation of diuron by persulfate activated with ferrous ion. Sep Purif Technol 95:44–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trapido M, Kulik N, Goi A, Veressinina Y, Munter R (2009) Fenton treatment efficacy for the purification of different kinds of wastewater. Water Sci Technol 60:1795–1801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhao H, Sun C, Wu M (2001) Affecting factors and biodegradability in pretreating H-acid wastewater by Fenton’s reagent. Environ Chem 20:281–285 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie B, Lv Z, Lv B, Gu Y (2010) Treatment of mature landfill leachate by biofilters and Fenton oxidation. Waste Manag 30:2108–2112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Xu Z, Gao W, Huang S, Song Y (2005) Study on the treatment of polyvinyl chloride industrial wastewater by membrane bioreactor. Water Purify Technol 24:21–23 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Zhou Y (2003) The sizing pollution and environmental protection. Cotton Text Technol 31:17–20 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S, Yu H (2004) Radiation-induced degradation of polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous solutions. Water Res 38:309–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang N, Lv M, Meng X (2001) The measurement of COD in Fenton system. J Harbin Univ Commer (Nat Sci Ed) 2:27–28 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Lv Y, Jin Q (2003) Testing on treatment of emulsified wastewater from PVC production by conventional coagulation–filtration method. Ind Water Wastewater 34:47–49 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Wei Y, Wang Y (2011) Treatment and use of PVC mother liquid. China Chlor-Alkal 5:11–13 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou T, Lu X, Wang J, Wong F, Li Y (2009) Rapid decolorization and mineralization of simulated textile wastewater in a heterogeneous Fenton like system with/without external energy. J Hazard Mater 165:193–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, Niu Z, Gao X, Wang D (2011) Treatment of PVC wastewater through steam stripping combined with oxidation process. Chem Bioeng 28:77–80 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment in China (no. 2012ZX07202009) and Jilin Environmental Protection Bureau (2009-19). The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People’s Republic of China

    Yingying Sun, Xiuyi Hua, Rui Ge, Aitong Guo, Zhiyong Guo, Deming Dong & Wentian Sun

Authors
  1. Yingying Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiuyi Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rui Ge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aitong Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhiyong Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Deming Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Wentian Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiuyi Hua.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sun, Y., Hua, X., Ge, R. et al. Investigation on pretreatment of centrifugal mother liquid produced in the production of polyvinyl chloride by air-Fenton technique. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 5797–5805 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1604-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1604-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation