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Pollen and seed flow under different predominant winds in wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed species Engelhardia roxburghiana

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Abstract

In most plants, the contributions of pollen and seed flow to their genetic structures are generally difficult to disentangle. For typical wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed species Engelhardia roxburghiana in a 20-ha natural forest plot in lower subtropic China, because the prevailing wind directions change during its pollen release and seed dispersal seasons, we could compare its genetic structures in different directions, which could result primarily from pollen or seed flow. Furthermore, because the plot has undergone from an open to a closed canopy stage historically, we also examined forest canopy effects on gene flow in different generations and different directions. Using 522 E. roxburghiana individuals mapped in the plot, our results revealed that greater pollen flow led to biased gene flow in the pollen dispersal-predominant direction (pollen direction), while greater seed flow generated less spatial genetic structure in the seed dispersal-predominant direction (seed direction). The results predicted from generalized additive models indicated that canopy closure enhanced resistance to gene flow from the old generation to the new generation. Analyses by landscape genetic models for the new generation revealed that gene flow associated with pollen direction was more strongly affected by canopy than with seed direction. Our study is new by proposing an alternative way to separate effects of the pollen and seed flow on spatial variation patterns in E. roxburghiana. To our knowledge, our study is also the first attempt to use landscape genetic models to represent canopy effects for different dispersal vectors in spatial scales only up to a few hundred meters.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Lin-Fang Wu and Ying Chen for their assistance in collecting samples and performing laboratory analyses. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers and editors for their valuable suggestions on how to improve the manuscript. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170352, 41371078, 31100312) and the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network funded this study.

Data archiving statement

Sampling locations, microsatellite genotypes file: DRYAD entry https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295712804_Engelhardia_roxburghiana-sample_locations_and_genotypes_data

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  1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People’s Republic of China

    Zheng-Feng Wang, Ju-Yu Lian, Wan-Hui Ye, Hong-Lin Cao, Qian-Mei Zhang & Zhang-Ming Wang

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Wang, ZF., Lian, JY., Ye, WH. et al. Pollen and seed flow under different predominant winds in wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed species Engelhardia roxburghiana . Tree Genetics & Genomes 12, 19 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-0973-3

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