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Comparison of the replication properties of murine and human calicivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases

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Abstract

The human caliciviruses (CV), norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV), are major causes of outbreak gastroenteritis worldwide. To date, the investigation of human NoV and SaV replication cycles has been impeded as neither is culturable. Consequently, the recently discovered murine NoV (MNV) has been adopted as a surrogate replication model for the human CVs. In this study, we sought to compare the biochemical properties of the MNV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with related human NoV and SaV-RdRps to address the suitability of MNV as a model for the human CVs. Three human NoV-RdRps (GII.b, GII.4 and GII.7), an MNV-RdRp and two human SaV-RdRps (GI and GII) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and their enzymatic activity and fidelity compared. Despite ~70% amino acid variation between the RdRp from the two different CV genera, the majority of the physiological characteristics of the RdRps were similar. All RdRps exhibited co-operative dimerisation and had optimal activity at 25°C, a pH range between 7 and 8, required 2–5 mM MnCl2 and were inhibited with increasing NaCl concentrations. We observed RdRp activity at temperatures as low as 5°C and as high as 65°C. Using an in vitro fidelity assay, similar mutation rates were observed for the separate RdRps (1 × 10−4–1 × 10−5). This is the first report to compare the physiological, biochemical and mutational properties of the MNV-RdRp to those of the human CV-RdRps and it suggests that MNV may be directly applicable to the study of human NoV.

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Acknowledgments

RAB was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank Professor William Rawlinson for useful discussions and Dr Leighton Clancy for technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Rowena A. Bull & Peter A. White

  2. School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Rowena A. Bull

  3. Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia

    Jennifer Hyde & Jason M. Mackenzie

  4. Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan

    Grant S. Hansman, Tomoichiro Oka & Naokazu Takeda

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  1. Rowena A. Bull
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  2. Jennifer Hyde
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  3. Jason M. Mackenzie
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  4. Grant S. Hansman
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  5. Tomoichiro Oka
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Correspondence to Rowena A. Bull or Peter A. White.

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11262_2010_535_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig. S1 SDS-PAGE analysis of purified recombinant RdRps expressed in E. coli. RdRps were expressed with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag and purified in a nickel affinity column with increasing concentrations of imidazole. Three microlitres of purified enzyme was loaded into each lane. Lane 1, Precision Plus Standards Protein marker, kDa (Biorad); lane 2, NoV GII.4-RdRp; lane 3, NoV GII.b-RdRp; lane 4, NoV GII.7-RdRp; lane 5, NoV GII.7GAA-RdRp; lane 6, MNV-RdRp; lane 7, SaV GI-RdRp; lane 8, SaV GII-RdRp; Lane 9, HCV3a-RdRp.(TIFF 726 kb)

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Bull, R.A., Hyde, J., Mackenzie, J.M. et al. Comparison of the replication properties of murine and human calicivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Virus Genes 42, 16–27 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-010-0535-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-010-0535-y

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