Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge?

  • Published:
Topics in Catalysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This review describes recent findings in the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. The process is commercial since the 80’s, but yet the yield is far from being optimised. Therefore, it represents an emblematic example of how several scientific disciplines, from solid-state science to reactor technology, can contribute to the improvement of the process performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Baerns O. Buyevskaya (1998) Catal. Today 45 13 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntVGjtr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00231-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Centi S. Perathoner (1999) Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. 4 74 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFaqur0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1359-0286(99)80014-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.A. Bañares (1999) Catal. Today 51 319 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00053-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. R.K. Grasselli (1999) Catal. Today 49 141 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXps1Kgug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00418-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. B.K. Hodnett (2000) Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation: Fundamental and Technological Aspects of the Selective and Total Oxidation of Organic Compounds Wiley New York

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Grzybowska-Swierkosz (2000) Topics Catal. 11/12 23 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjslCjsrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1027256116098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Bordes, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Série IIc 3 (2000) 725

  8. R.K. Grasselli (2001) Topics Catal. 15 93 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsV2ntb0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1016683117255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. E. Bordes (2001) Topics Catal. 15 131 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsV2ntbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1016666116347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Arpentinier F. Cavani F. Trifirò (2001) The Technology of Catalytic Oxidations Editions Technip Paris

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. Centi F. Cavani F. Trifirò (2001) Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. Misono (2002) Topics Catal. 21 89 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xnslejsro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1020508216055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.C. Védrine (2002) Topics Catal. 21 97 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1020560200125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R.K. Grasselli (2002) Topics Catal. 21 79 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xnslejsr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1020556131984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M.Yu. Sinev (2003) J. Catal. 216 468 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvVCmsrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00116-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. G.J. Hutchings M.S. Scurrell (2003) CatTech 7 IssueID3 90 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvVaguro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1023801108121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A.A. Fokin P.R. Schreiner (2003) Adv. Synth. Catal. 345 1035 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotF2jtbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/adsc.200303049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Cavani and F. Trifirò, in: Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis, ed. M. Baerns (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004) p. 21

  19. Chemical Week, May 7 (2003) 33

  20. F. Cavani F. Trifirò (1995) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 91 1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnvF2mu7g%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. G. Centi F. Trifirò J.R. Ebner V. Franchetti (1988) Chem. Rev. 88 55 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXptlyitQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/cr00083a003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Cavani F. Trifirò (1994) Chemtech 24 18 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXht1Ggtg%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Weiguny, S. Storck, M. Duda and C. Dobner, US Patent 222,436 (2005), assigned to BASF AG

  24. I. Sawaki, Eur. Patent 1,359,138 (2003), assigned to Mitsubishi Chem Co

  25. H. Hibst, R. Noe, M. Exner Kai and M. Duda, Eur Patent 1,417,194 (2004), assigned to BASF AG

  26. A. Bertola, S. Cassarino and V. Nsunda, US Patent 6,174,833 (2001), assigned to Pantochim

  27. R.M. Contractor H.E. Bergna H.S. Horowitz C.M. Blackstone B. Malone C.C. Torardi B. Griffiths U. Chowdry A.W. Sleight (1987) Catal. Today 1 49 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXktVGqsbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(87)80026-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. R.M. Contractor A.W. Sleight (1987) Catal. Today 1 587 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXitlKhsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(87)85006-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. G.J. Hutchings (1991) Appl. Catal. 72 1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXisV2ltbs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0166-9834(91)85024-P

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. F. Cavani F. Trifirò (1994) Catalysis 11 246 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXltlKjsLc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. B.K. Hodnett (1985) Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 27 373

    Google Scholar 

  32. G.J. Hutchings R. Higgins (1996) J. Catal. 162 153 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xls1Kju7s%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1996.0273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Abon J.M. Herrmann J.C. Volta (2001) Catal. Today 71 121 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFKhtr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(01)00434-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Mota J.C. Volta G. Vorbeck J.A. Dalmon (2000) J. Catal. 193 319 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlvVOnt7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2000.2903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Sajip J.K. Bartley A. Burrows M.T. Sananes-Schulz A. Tuel J.C. Volta C.J. Kiely G.J. Hutchings (2001) New J. Chem. 25 125 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXht1Smsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1039/b008384o

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Sajip J.K. Bartley A. Burrows C. Rhodes J.C. Volta C.J. Kiely G.J. Hutchings (2001) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3 2143 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjs1ykt7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1039/b102324c

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. L. Cornaglia S. Irusta E.A. Lombardo M.C. Durupty J.C. Volta (2003) Catal. Today 78 291 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitFGqurg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00315-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L.M. Cornaglia C.R. Carrara J.O. Petunchi E.A. Lombardo (2000) Catal. Today 57 313 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhs1yrsbg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00342-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. L. Cornaglia C. Carrara J. Petunchi E. Lombardo (2000) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130 1727

    Google Scholar 

  40. C. Carrara S. Irusta E. Lombardo L. Cornaglia (2001) Appl. Catal. A 217 275 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkvF2itb0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00615-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Y.H. Taufiq-Yap K.P. Tan K.C. Waugh M.Z. Hussein I. Ramli M.B. Abdul Rahman (2003) Catal. Lett. 89 87 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsVKms7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1024775611157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. R. Higgins and G.J. Hutchings, US Patent 4,418,003 (1983), assigned to ICI

  43. I. Matsuura T. Ishimura S. Hayakawa N. Kimura (1996) Catal. Today 28 133 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(95)00220-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. V.V. Guliants J.B. Benziger S. Sundaresan I.E. Wachs (2000) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130 1721 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0167-2991(00)80449-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. A.M. Duarte de Farias, W. De A. Gonzalez, P.G. Pris de Oliveira, J.G. Eon, J.M. Herrmann, M. Aouine, S. Loridant and J.C. Volta, J. Catal. 208 (2002) 238

  46. P.G. Pries Oliveira Particlede J.G. Eon M. Chavant A.S. Riché V. Martin S. Caldarelli J.C. Volta (2000) Catal. Today 57 177 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00324-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Shen J. Zhou F. Zhang L. Zhou R. Li (2002) Catal. Today 74 37 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktVejs7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(01)00528-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Y. Kamiya Y. Kijima T. Okuhara A. Satsuma T. Hattori (2003) Appl. Catal. A 253 1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot1Gqtr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00290-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Satsuma Y. Kijima S. Komai Y. Kamiya E. Nishikawa T. Hattori (2001) Catal. Today 71 161 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFKhtrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(01)00426-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. L. Sartoni J.K. Bartley R.P.K. Wells C.J. Kiely J.C. Volta G.J. Hutchings (2004) J. Molec. Catal. A 220 85 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmt1KgtL8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L.M. Cornaglia C.A. Sanchez E.A. Lombardo (1993) Appl. Catal. 95 117 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhsFGgu7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0926-860X(93)80201-Z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. H.S. Horowitz C.M. Blackstone A.W. Sleight G. Teufer (1988) Appl. Catal. 38 193 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlvV2ltro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82825-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J.B. Benziger V.V. Guliants S. Sundaresan (1997) Catal. Today 33 49 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsFaltLs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00135-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. C.J. Kiely A. Burrows S. Saijp G.J. Hutchings M.T. Sananes A. Tuel J.C. Volta (1996) J. Catal. 162 31 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsVGnsrc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1996.0257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. J.W. Johnson A.J. Jacobson W.M. Butler S.E. Rosenthal J.F. Brody J.T. Lewandowski (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 381 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXltVSkug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja00183a066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Y. Kamiya E. Nishikawa A. Satsuma T. Okuhara (2003) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 76 837 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjt1GksLY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1246/bcsj.76.837

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. J.K. Bartley R.P.K. Wells G.J. Hutchings (2000) J. Catal. 195 423 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntlGis7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2000.3006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. X. Wang, W. Nie, W. Ji, X. Guo, Q. Yan and Y. Chen, Chem. Lett. (2001) 696

  59. X. Wang L. Xu X. Chen W. Ji Q. Yan Y. Chen (2003) J. Mol. Catal. A 206 261 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntVyisb4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00422-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. S. Albonetti F. Cavani S. Ligi F. Pierelli F. Trifirò F. Guelfi G. Mazzoni (2002) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 143 963 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntFWl

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. S. Ligi, F. Cavani, S. Albonetti and G. Mazzoni, US Patent 6,734,135 (2004), assigned to Lonza SpA

  62. G. Mazzoni, G. Stefani and F. Cavani, US Patent 5,847,163 (1998), assigned to Lonza SpA

  63. N. Duvauchelle E. Kesteman F. Oudet E. Bordes (1998) J. Solid State Chem. 137 311 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlGltr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jssc.1997.7745

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Lopez-Sanchez L. Griesel K. Bartley R. Wells A. Liskowski D. Su R. Schlögl J.C. Volta G.J. Hutchings (2003) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5 3525 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlvFaktbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1039/b305437n

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. V.A. Zazhigalov J. Haber J. Stoch A.I. Kharlamov L.V. Bogutskya I.V. Bacherikova A. Kowal (1997) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 110 337 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXptlegtg%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. G.J. Hutchings R. Higgins (1997) Appl. Catal. A 154 103 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisleiurc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(96)00368-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. W. Ji L. Xu X. Wang Z. Hu Q. Yan Y. Chen (2002) Catal. Today 74 101 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktVejsLg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(01)00535-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. M. Fait B. Kubias H.J. Eberle M. Estenfelder U. Steinike M. Schneider (2000) Catal. Lett. 68 13 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtVemt78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1019042311089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. N. Hiyoshi N. Yamamoto N. Terao T. Nakato T. Okuhara (2000) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130 1715

    Google Scholar 

  70. N. Yamamoto N. Hiyoshi T. Okuhara (2002) Chem. Mater. 14 3882 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmt1Gisbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/cm020292y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. N. Hiyoshi N. Yamamoto N. Ryumon Y. Kamiya T. Okuhara (2004) J. Catal. 221 225 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpt1Kmtbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.jcat.2003.08.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. G.J. Hutchings M.T. Sananes S. Sajip C.J. Kiely A. Burrows I.J. Ellison J.C. Volta (1997) Catal. Today 33 161 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsFaltr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00111-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. G.J. Hutchings R. Olier M.T. Sananes J.C. Volta (1994) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 82 213 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtF2gu7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0167-2991(08)63413-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. K.E. Birkeland S.M. Babitz G.K. Bethke H. Kung G.W. Coulson S.R. Bare (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101 6895 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltFynsL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp962571c

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. N. Herron D.L. Thorn R.L. Harlow G.W. Coulston (1997) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 119 7149 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltVSisbg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja970179m

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Z.Q. Zhou H.Y. Xu W.J. Ji Y. Chen (2004) Catal. Lett. 96 221 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksFGksro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:CATL.0000030124.33178.91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. G.J. Hutchings J.K. Bartley J.M. Webster J.A. Lopez-Sanchez D. Gilbert C.J. Kiely A.F. Carley S.M. Howdle S. Sajip S. Caldarelli C. Rhodes J.C. Volta M. Polyakoff (2001) J. Catal. 197 232 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsF2itr4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2000.3115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. G.J. Hutchings J.A. Lopez-Sanchez J.K. Bartley J.M. Webster A. Burrows C.J. Kiely A.F. Carley C. Rhodes M. Hävecker A. Knop-Gericke R.W. Mayer R. Schlögl J.C. Volta M. Polyakoff (2002) J. Catal. 208 197 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjs1SktL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2002.3555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. N. Mizuno H. Hatayama S. Uccida A. Taguchi (2001) Chem. Mater. 13 179 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXoslGqtrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/cm000524y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. M.A. Carreon and V.V. Guliants, Chem. Commun. (2001) 1438

  81. M.A. Carreon V.V. Guliants (2002) Microp. Mesop. Mat. 55 297 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvVant78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1387-1811(02)00432-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. M.A. Carreon V.V. Guliants (2003) Catal. Today 78 303 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitFGqurc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00314-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. M.A. Carreon V.V. Guliants M.O. Guerrero-Perez M.A. Bañares (2004) Microp. Mesop. Mat. 71 57 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksVSju70%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.03.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. M.A. Carreon V.V. Guliants F. Pierelli F. Cavani (2004) Catal. Lett. 92 11 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhs1Giuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:CATL.0000011088.73708.4d

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. C. Bouchy, M.J. Ledoux, C. Crouzet, H. Baudouin, K. Kourtakis and J.J. Lerou, WO 62,925 (2000)

  86. M.J. Ledoux C. Crouzet C. Pham-Huu V. Turines K. Kourtakis P. Mills J.J. Lerou (2001) J. Catal. 203 495 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotF2it7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2001.3344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. M.J. Ledoux S. Hantzer C. Pham-Huu J. Guille M.P. Desanaux (1998) J. Catal. 114 176 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(88)90019-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. R.A. Overbeek P.A. Warringa M.J.D. Crombag L.M. Visser A.J. Dillen Particlevan J.W. Geus (1996) Appl. Catal. A 135 209 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitVSntb4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0926-860X(95)00242-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. G. Centi, V. Lena, F. Trifirò, D. Ghoussoub, C.F. Aissi, M. Guelton and J.P. Bonnelle, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. (1990) 2775

  90. J.H. Holles C.J. Dillon J.A. Labinger M.E. Davis (2003) J. Catal. 218 42 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVaqsbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00008-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. C.J. Dillon J.H. Holles R.J. Davis J.A. Labinger M.E. Davis (2003) J. Catal. 218 54 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVaqsb0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00009-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. C.J. Dillon J.H. Holles M.E. Davis J.A. Labinger (2003) Catal. Today 81 189 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXks1Wns78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00112-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. G.J. Hutchings A. Desmartin-Chomel R. Olier J.C. Volta (1994) Nature 368 41 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitVWmsLo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1038/368041a0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. M. Abon K. Béré A. Tuel P. Delichere (1995) J. Catal. 156 28 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXot1Gqur8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1995.1228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. K. Ait-Lachgar M. Abon J.C. Volta (1997) J. Catal. 171 383 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmvFaqsr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1997.1814

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. K. Ait-Lachgar A. Tuel M. Brun J.M. Herrmann J.M. Krafft J.R. Martin J.C. Volta (1998) Catal. 177 224 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltVKqsbg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1998.2097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. G.J. Hutchings C.J. Kiely M.T. Sananes-Schulz A. Burrows J.C. Volta (1998) Catal. Today 40 273 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXis1Wrtr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00015-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. U. Rodemerck B. Kubias H.W. Zanthoff M. Baerns (1997) Appl. Catal. 153 203 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisFKgtrg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(96)00330-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. U. Rodemerck B. Kubias H.W. Zanthoff G.U. Wolf M. Baerns (1997) Appl. Catal. 153 217 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisFKgtrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(96)00331-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. G.W. Coulston S.R. Bare H. Kung K. Birkeland G.K. Bethke R. Harlow N. Herron P.L. Lee (1997) Science 275 191 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXksFOhug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.275.5297.191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. S. Albonetti F. Cavani F. Trifirò P. Venturoli G. Calestani M. Lopez Granados J.L.G. Fierro (1996) J. Catal. 160 52 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtlChs7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1996.0123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. P.L. Gai K. Kourtakis (1995) Science 267 661 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsFGlt7g%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. P.L. Gai K. Kortakis D.R. Coulson G.C. Sonnichsen (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101 9916 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVyms7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp971683g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. P.L. Gai (1999) Topics Catal. 8 97 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjsV2hsr4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1019192523483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. F. Cavani S. Ligi T. Monti F. Pierelli F. Trifirò S. Albonetti G. Mazzoni (2000) Catal. Today 61 203 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtF2msr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00383-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. G. Centi G. Fornasari F. Trifirò (1984) J. Catal. 89 44 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXltFWnsbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(84)90278-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. G. Centi G. Fornasari F. Trifirò (1985) Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 24 32 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXnvFegtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/i300017a007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. G. Parkinson and R. D’Aquino, Chem. Eng. 28 (1999)

  109. R. Mallada S. Sajip C.J. Kiely M. Menéndez J. Santamaria (2000) J. Catal. 196 1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvFWrtbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2000.3010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. S. Mota M. Abon J.C. Volta J.A. Dalmon (2000) J. Catal. 193 308 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlvVOnt78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2000.2902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Y. Kamiya E. Nishikawa T. Okuhara T. Hattori (2001) Appl. Catal. A 206 103 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVCgtbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00592-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. M.J. Lorences G.S. Patience F.V. Diez J. Coca (2004) Appl. Catal. A 263 193 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvVWktrg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.apcata.2003.12.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. M.J. Lorences G.S. Patience F.V. Diez J. Coca (2003) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42 6730 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptVKms70%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ie0302948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. D. Wang M.A. Barteau (2002) Appl. Catal. A 223 205 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXptlCksrc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00753-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. D. Wang M.A. Barteau (2001) J. Catal. 197 17 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXptVGntLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.2000.3061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. D. Wang M.A. Barteau (2003) Catal. Lett. 90 7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsFSgsrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1025836831303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. B. Schiøtt K.A. Jørgensen (1993) Catal. Today 16 79 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(93)85008-N

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. N. Ballarini F. Cavani C. Cortelli F. Gasparini A. Mignani F. Pierelli F. Trifirò C. Fumagalli G. Mazzoni (2005) Catal. Today 99 115 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit1CrsL4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.cattod.2004.09.030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. M. Alonso M.J. Lorences M.P. Pina G.S. Patience (2001) Catal. Today 67 151 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1Khu78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(01)00307-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. E. Xue J. Ross (2000) Catal. Today 61 3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtF2nsbg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00350-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. R. Mallada M. Menéndez J. Santamaria (2000) Catal. Today 56 191 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtFCqsbc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00276-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. M. Pedernera R. Mallada M. Menéndez J. Santamaria (2000) AIChE J. 46 2489 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXptVKlu74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/aic.690461215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. R. Mallada M. Pedernera M. Menéndez J. Santamaria (2000) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39 620 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlyrsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ie9905310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. R. Mallada M. Menéndez J. Santamaria (2002) Appl. Catal. A 231 109 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtF2rsb8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00007-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. E. Xue J.R.H. Ross R. Mallada M. Menéndez J. Santamaria J. Perregard P.E.H. Nielsen (2001) Appl. Catal. A 210 271 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsVKqt74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00822-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Y. Ye L. Rihko-Struckmann B. Munder H. Rau K. Sundmaker (2004) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43 4551 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXitlWmsLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ie030734v

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. H. Bluhm M. Hävecker E. Kleimenov A. Knop-Gericke A. Liskowski R. Schlögl D.S. Su (2003) Topics Catal. 23 99 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXls1Smtbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1024824404582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. M. Hävecker A. Knop-Gericke H. Bluhm E. Kleimenov R.W. Mayer M. Fait R. Schlögl (2004) Appl. Surf. Sci. 230 272 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.02.037 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkt1Cqtb0%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. M. Hävecker R.W. Mayer A. Knop-Gericke H. Bluhm E. Kleimenov A. Liskowski D.S. Su R. Follath F.G. Requejo D.F. Ogletree M. Salmeron J.A. Lopez-Sanchez J.K. Bartley G.J. Hutchings R. Schlögl (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B 107 4587 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp027259j Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXivFagtL4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. I.E. Wachs J.M. Jehng G. Deo B.M. Weckhuysen V.V. Guliants J.B. Benziger (1996) Catal. Today 32 47 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1Kksro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00091-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. G. Koyano T. Okuhara M. Misono (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 767 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmt1Ortg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja964437b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. F. Richter H. Papp T. Gotze G.U. Wolf B. Kubias (1998) Surf. Interf. Anal. 26 736 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtlygur4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199809)26:10<736::AID-SIA410>3.0.CO;2-Z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. P. Delichere K.E. Bere M. Abon (1998) Appl. Catal A 172 295 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmt1Kmt7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00126-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. L.M. Cornaglia E.A. Lombardo (1995) Appl. Catal A 127 125 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtVygtbc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0926-860X(95)00067-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. J.C. Vedrine (2000) Topics Catal. 11 147 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1027286100652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. J.C. Volta (1996) Catal. Today 32 29 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1Klu7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00073-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. H. Berndt K. Buker A. Martin A. Brückner B. Lücke (1995) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 91 725 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVChsL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1039/ft9959100725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. A. Brückner A. Martin N. Steinfeldt G.U. Wolf B. Lücke (1996) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 92 4257 Occurrence Handle10.1039/ft9969204257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. A. Brückner B. Kubias B. Lücke (1996) Catal. Today 32 215 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00077-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. M. Ruitenbeck A.J. Dillen Particlevan A. Barbon E.E. Fassen Particlevan D.C. Koningsberger J.W. Geus (1998) Catal. Lett. 55 133 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1019047315555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. A. Brückner A. Martin B. Kubias B. Lücke (1998) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 94 2221 Occurrence Handle10.1039/a802498g

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. J. Ziolkowski E. Bordes P. Courtine (1990) J. Catal. 122 126 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXktVGnu70%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(90)90266-M

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. J. Ziolkowski E. Bordes (1993) J. Mol. Catal. 84 307 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-5102(93)85063-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. P.A. Agaskar L. DeCaul R.K. Grasselli (1994) Catal. Lett. 23 339 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhvFSrt7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00811368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. R. Ebner M.R. Thompson (1993) Catal. Today 16 51 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhtlaqu74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(93)85005-K

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. V.V. Guliants J.B. Benziger S. Sundaresan N. Yao I.E. Wachs (1995) Catal. Lett. 32 379 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtlCgsLo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00813232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. V.V. Guliants J.B. Benziger S. Sundaresan I.E. Wachs J.M. Jehng J.E. Roberts (1996) Catal. Today 28 275 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsVWnsLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00043-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. G. Koyano T. Saito M. Misono (2000) J. Mol. Catal. A 155 31 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitlKqs74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1381-1169(99)00317-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Z.Y. Xue G.L. Schrader (1999) J. Phys. Chem. B 103 9459 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVKgu7s%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp9912713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. V.V. Guliants S.A. Holmes J.B. Benziger P. Heaney D. Yates I.E. Wachs (2001) J. Mol. Catal. 172 265 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksFKks7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1381-1169(01)00162-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. M. Witko R. Tokarz J. Haber K. Herman (2001) J. Molec. Catal. A 166 59 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpsVGmsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1381-1169(00)00470-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. A. Haras M. Witko D.R. Salahub H.A. Duarte (2003) Surface Sci. 538 160 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltFOqs7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00725-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. D.J. Thompson I.M. Ciobîca B.K. Hodnett R.A. Santen Particlevan M.O. Fanning (2003) Surface Sci. 547 438 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpt1Ggtbc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.susc.2003.10.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. D.J. Thompson M.O. Fanning B.K. Hodnett (2003) J. Molec. Catal. A 198 125 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjt1Kiu78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1381-1169(02)00594-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. D.J. Thompson M.O. Fanning B.K. Hodnett (2003) J. Molec. Catal. A 206 435 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntVyitrg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00459-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. D.J. Thompson I.M. Ciobîca B.K. Hodnett R.A. Santen Particlevan M.O. Fanning (2004) Catal. Today 91 177 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.cattod.2004.03.030 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltVCqsbc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale e dei Materiali, (INSTM, Research Unit of Bologna), Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy

    N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, C. Cortelli, S. Ligi, F. Pierelli & F. Trifirò

  2. Lonza SpA, via E. Fermi 51, 24020, Scanzorosciate (BG), Italy

    C. Fumagalli, G. Mazzoni & T. Monti

Authors
  1. N. Ballarini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. Cavani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Cortelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Ligi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. F. Pierelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F. Trifirò
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. C. Fumagalli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. G. Mazzoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. T. Monti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Cavani.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ballarini, N., Cavani, F., Cortelli, C. et al. VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge?. Top Catal 38, 147–156 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-006-0080-z

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-006-0080-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation