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Implementing a pharmacist-led sequential antimicrobial therapy strategy: a controlled before-and-after study

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Abstract

Sequential antimicrobial therapy is an important part of antimicrobial stewardship and intends to improve the timeliness of switch to oral antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the introduction of guidelines and criteria for switching to oral antimicrobials. Setting The study was conducted in a 753-bed academic hospital in Ireland. Methods The study was prospective and of controlled before and after design. Patients admitted under the care of a medical consultant were screened for inclusion. The study was divided into pre-intervention and post-intervention phases. Patients admitted and prescribed IV antimicrobials were enrolled into either a study group or control group. Post-intervention, the intervention to the study group consisted of application of stickers and criteria for switch to oral antimicrobial therapy to the drug chart. Pre-intervention in the study group and in both phases in the control group, conventional practice of clinical pharmacists reviewing drug charts and contacting prescribers to discuss a switch to an oral antimicrobial continued. The duration of intravenous treatment, the timeliness of switch to oral therapy, length of stay and cost savings were measured. Main outcome measure The duration of intravenous antimicrobial therapy in the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases in both study and control groups. Results Pre-intervention, 85 courses of IV antimicrobials were prescribed to study group patients, compared to 60 in the control group. Post-intervention, there were 92 courses in the study group and 53 in the control group. The duration of IV antimicrobial treatment reduced significantly in the study group post-intervention, compared to the control group (P = 0.02). The timeliness of the switch also improved significantly in the study group post-intervention (P = 0.017). No improvement occurred in the control group. The median length of stay was not reduced post-intervention. Antimicrobial costs reduced by a mean of €6.41 in the study group post-intervention. Conclusion This controlled before and after study demonstrates successful implementation of a pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship strategy. Duration of IV antimicrobial treatment reduced significantly and the timeliness of switch significantly improved. This study may be used as a template for the introduction of further pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Veronica Treacy and the staff of St James’s Hospital pharmacy department and Niamh McMahon and Dr Martin Henman of University of Dublin, Trinity College for their support. This work formed part of a research project submitted as a thesis for a taught Masters programme in University of Dublin, Trinity College.

Funding

No funding was received for this research.

Conflicts of interest

None of the authors have any conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacy Department, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Katherine Dunn & Audrey O’Reilly

  2. Department of General Medicine, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Bernard Silke

  3. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College and St James’s Hospital, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Thomas Rogers

  4. Department of Genitourinary and Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland

    Colm Bergin

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  1. Katherine Dunn
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  2. Audrey O’Reilly
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  3. Bernard Silke
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  4. Thomas Rogers
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  5. Colm Bergin
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Correspondence to Katherine Dunn.

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Dunn, K., O’Reilly, A., Silke, B. et al. Implementing a pharmacist-led sequential antimicrobial therapy strategy: a controlled before-and-after study. Int J Clin Pharm 33, 208–214 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-010-9475-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-010-9475-9

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