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Theranostic multimodal potential of magnetic nanoparticles actuated by non-heating low frequency magnetic field in the new-generation nanomedicine

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Abstract

The scope of this review involves one of the most promising branches of new-generation biomedicine, namely magnetic nanotheranostics using remote control of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (f-MNPs) by means of alternating magnetic fields (AMFs). The review is mainly focused on new approach which utilizes non-heating low frequency magnetic fields (LFMFs) for nanomechanical actuation of f-MNPs. This approach is compared to such traditional ones as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radio-frequency (RF) magnetic hyperthermia (MH) which utilize high frequency heating AMF. The innovative principles and specific models of non-thermal magnetomechanical actuation of biostructures by MNP rotational oscillations in LFMF are described. The discussed strategy allows biodistribution monitoring in situ, delivering drugs to target tissues and releasing them with controlled rate, controlling biocatalytic reaction kinetics, inducing malignant cell apoptosis, and more. Optimization of both LFMF and f-MNP parameters may lead to dramatic improvement of treatment efficiency, locality, and selectivity on molecular or cellular levels and allow implementing both drug and drugless, i.e., pure nanomechanical therapy, in particular cancer therapy. The optimal parameters within this approach differ significantly from those used in MH or MRI because of the principal difference in the f-MNP actuation modes. It is shown that specifically designed high gradient, steady magnetic field enables diagnostic and therapeutic LFMF impact localization in the deep tissues within the area ranging from a millimeter to a few centimeters and 3D scanning of affected region, if necessary.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AIDS:

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AMF:

Alternating magnetic field

AZTTP:

3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CT:

Computerized tomography

EMF:

Electromagnetic field

FFP:

Field-free point

f-MNP:

Functionalized magnetic nanoparticle

HD:

Hydrodynamics

LFMF:

Low frequency magnetic field

ME:

Magneto-electrical

MENP:

Magneto-electrical nanoparticle

MF:

Magnetic field

MM:

Macromolecule

MMA:

Magnetomechanical actuation

MNP:

Magnetic nanoparticle

MPI:

Magnetic particle imaging

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MT:

Magnetic tweezer

NFS:

Nanopore force spectroscopy

OT:

Optical tweezer

PET:

Positron emission tomography

RFMF:

Radio-frequency magnetic field

RFMH:

Radio-frequency magnetic hyperthermia

SAR:

Specific absorption rate

SMFS:

Single-molecule force spectroscopy

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computerized tomography

US:

Ultrasound

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-13-00731).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-11, Leninsky Gory, Moscow, Russia

    Yuri I. Golovin, Natalia L. Klyachko, Alexander G. Majouga & Alexander V. Kabanov

  2. G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Nanocenter, 33, Internatsionalnaya St., Tambov, Russia

    Yuri I. Golovin

  3. National Research Technological University “MISIS”, 4, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia

    Yuri I. Golovin, Natalia L. Klyachko & Alexander G. Majouga

  4. Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Natalia L. Klyachko, Marina Sokolsky & Alexander V. Kabanov

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Based on the presentation at the 7th International Conference “Nanoparticles, nanostructured coatings and microcontainers: technology, properties, applications”

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Golovin, Y.I., Klyachko, N.L., Majouga, A.G. et al. Theranostic multimodal potential of magnetic nanoparticles actuated by non-heating low frequency magnetic field in the new-generation nanomedicine. J Nanopart Res 19, 63 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-3746-5

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