Data on the recent state of the binary Fe – N diagram are presented. Experimental works devoted to synthesis of high-nitrogen iron phases and transformations in them are reviewed. Results of studies of phase transformations in nitrided powders due to heating in various atmospheres are described.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Epstein, H. C. Cross, E. C. Groesbeck, and I. J. Wymore, “Observations on the iron-nitrogen system,” J. Res. (U.S. Nat. Bur. Stand.), 3, 1005 – 1027 (1929).
G. Hägg, “The iron-nitrogen system,” Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, 4(7(1)), 6 – 22 (1928).
O. Eisenhut and E. Kaupp, “The system iron-nitrogen from x-ray diffraction investigations,” Z. Elektrochem., 36(6), 392 – 404 (1930).
W. Köster, “On the question of nitrogen in technical iron,” Archiv. Eisenhiitten, 3(10), 637 – 648 (1930).
E. Lehrer, “Magnetic investigation of the system iron-nitrogen,” Z. Elektrochem., 36(7), 460 – 473 (1930).
S. Brunauer, M. E. Jefferson, P. H. Emmett, and S. B. Hendricks, “Equilibrium in the iron-nitrogen system,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 53, 1778 – 1786 (1931).
D. Séférian, “System iron-nitrogen,” Rev. Minérale, 376, 901 – 914 (1936).
K. H. Jack, “Results of further x-ray structural investigations of the iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen systems and of related interstitial alloys,” Acta Crystallogr., 3, 392 – 393 (1951).
H. A. Wriedt, N. A. Gokcen, and R. H. Nafziger, “The Fe – N (iron-nitrogen) system,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr., 8(4) (1987).
E. H. Du, Marchie van Voorthuysen, D. O. Boerma, and N. C. Chechenin, “Low-temperature extension of the Lehrer diagram and the iron-nitrogen phase diagram,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 33A (2002).
K. Frisk, Calpha, 11(2), 127 – 134 (1987).
H. A. DU, “Reevaluation of the Fe – N and Fe – C – N systems,” J. Phase Equilib., 14(6) (1993).
A. Suyazov, M. P. Usikov, and B. M. Mogutnov, “Investigation of structural transformation in iron-nitrogen alloys,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 42(4), 755 – 763 (1976).
N. DeCristofaro and R. Karlow, “Interstitial atom configurations in stable and metastable Fe – N and Fe – C solid solutions,” Metall. Trans. A, 8(1), 35 – 44.
K. H. Jack, “Results of further x-ray structural investigations of the iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen systems and of related interstitial alloys,” Acta Crystallogr., 3, 392 – 393 (1951).
K. H. Jack, “New interstitial alloy phases relating to the surface hardening of steel,” Aust. Inst. Metall. Trans., 3, 53 – 58 (1950).
K. H. Jack, “The occurrence and the crystal structure of α″-iron nitride. A new type of interstitial alloy formed during the tempering of nitrogen-martensite,” Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 208, 216 – 224 (1951).
T. K. Kim and M. Takahashi, Appl. Phys. Lett., 20, 492 – 494 (1972).
T. Liapina, et al., “The lattice parameters of α-iron nitrides: lattice strains due to a varying degree of nitrogen ordering,” Acta Mater., 52, 173 – 180 (2004).
K. H. Jack, “The iron-nitrogen system: the crystal structures of ε-phase iron nitrides,” Acta Cryst., 5, 404 – 411 (1952).
K. H. Jack, “Binary and ternary interstitial alloys. 1. The iron-nitrogen system: the structures of Fe4N and Fe2N,” Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 195, 34 – 40 (1948).
D. M. Borsa, Nitride-Based Insulating and Magnetic Thin Films and Multilayers (Doctoral Thesis), Acad. Building, Broerstraat 5, 9712 GP, Groningen (2004).
Cr. Navio, J. Alvarez, M. J. Capitan, et al., “Nonmagnetic γ″-FeN thin films epitaxially grown on Cu (001): Electronic structure and thermal stability,” Phys. Rev. B, 78 (2008).
W. Y. Ching, Y. N. Xu, and P. Rulis, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 2904 (2002).
A. D. White and A. Arbor, in: Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (2001).
A. A. Popov, Theoretical Foundations of Thermochemical Treatment of Alloys [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Sverdlovsk (1962), 120 p.
A. N. Minkevich, Thermochemical Treatment of Steel [in Russian], Mashgiz, Moscow (1950).
S. Malinov, A. J. Böttger, E. J. Mittemeijer, et al., “Phase transformations and phase equilibria in the Fe – N system at temperatures below 573 K,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32A (2001).
A. Leineweber, H. Jacobs, W. Kockelmann, et al., J. Alloys Compd., 384, 1 – 5 (2004).
M. Cao, R. Wang, and X. Fang, “Preparing γ′-Fe4N ultrafine powder by twice-nitriding method,” Powder Technol., 115, 96 – 98 (2001).
A. Sakuma, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 102, 127 – 134 (1991).
M. Niederdrenk, P. Schaaf, K. P. Lieb, and O. Schulte, “Characterization of magnetron-sputtered iron-nitride films,” J. Alloys Compd., 237, 81 – 88 (1996).
L. Rissanen, M. Neubauer, K. P. Lieb, and P. Schaaf, “The new cubic iron-nitride phase FeN prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering,” J. Alloys Compd., 274, 74 – 82 (1998).
W. T. Zheng, X. Wang, and X. G. Kong, Powder Diffr., 19(4), 352 – 356.
X. Wang, W. T. Zhang, H. W. Tian, et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 283, 282 – 290 (2004).
S. Grachev, D. M. Borsa, S. Vongtragool, and D. O. Boerma, Surface Sci., 482, 802 – 808 (2001).
J. P. Zhou, D. Li, Y. S. Gu, et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 238, 1 – 5 (2002).
J. L. Costa-Krämer, M. Borsa, and J. M. Garcia-Martin, Phys. Rev. B, 69, 1 – 8 (2004).
T. Yamaguchi, M. Sakita, and M. Nakamura, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 215 – 216, 529 – 531 (2000).
Y. Sugita, H. Takahashi, M. Komuro, et al., J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994).
X. Wang, W. T. Zhang, H. W. Tian, et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 220, 30 – 39 (2003).
H. Shinno and K. Saito, Surf. Coat. Technol., 103 – 104, 129 – 134 (1998).
L. L. Wang, X. Wanga, W. T. Zheng, N. Maa, et al., “Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe – N thin films and their thermal stability,” J. Alloys Compd., 443, 43 – 47 (2007).
C. Guillaume, G. Serghiou, J. P. Morniroli, and D. J. Frost, J. Phys., Conf. Series 121, Joint 21st AIRAPT and 45th EHPRG Int. Conf. on High Pressure Science and Technology (2008).
H. Jacobs and J. Bock, Less-Common Met., 134, 215 (1987).
T. Liapina, A. Leineweber, and E. J. Mittemeijer, “Phase transformations in iron-nitride compound layers upon low-temperature annealing: diffusion kinetics of nitrogen in ε- and γ′-iron nitrides,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 37A (2006).
T. Liapina, A. Leineweber, and E. J. Mittemeijer, “Nitrogen redistribution in ε/γ′-iron nitride compound layers upon annealing,” Scr. Mater., 48 (2003).
T. Liapina, A. Leineweber, E. J. Mittemeijer, et al., “γ′-Fe4N formation in decomposing ε-Fe3N: a powder diffraction study using synchrotron radiation,” Z. Kristallogr., Supplement, 2(23) (2006).
R. N. Jutte, B. J. Kooi, et al., “On the oxidation of α-Fe and ε-Fe2Ni1 – z . I. Oxidation kinetics and microstructural evolution of the oxide and nitride layers,” Oxidation Met., 48(1/2) (1997).
R. N. Jutte, B. J. Kooi, et al., “On the oxidation of α-Fe and ε-Fe2Ni1 – z . II. Residual strains and blisters in the oxide layer,” Oxidation Met., 48(2/2) (1997).
A. S. Zavarov, A. P. Baskakov, and S. V. Grachev, Heat Treatment in Fluidized Bed [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1981).
N. I. Kardonina and A. S. Kolpakov, “A study of the phase and structural composition of iron-base high-nitrogen powders,” Izv. Vysh. Uchebn. Zaved., Chern. Metall., No. 2, 15 – 18 (2000).
N. I. Kardonona, G. M. Rusakov, and S. L. Demakov, “Ordering in the Fe – Al – N system,” Izv. Akad. Nauk, Fiz. Ser., 65(6), 803 – 806 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 5 – 15, October, 2010.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kardonina, N.I., Yurovskikh, A.S. & Kolpakov, A.S. Transformations in the Fe – N system. Met Sci Heat Treat 52, 457–467 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-010-9301-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-010-9301-y