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Genetic characterization of Benin’s wild populations of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rüppell, 1852

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Abstract

The Cichlid fish Sarotherodon melanotheron is typically found in West and Central African estuaries and lagoons. It represents a good candidate for promoting tilapia farming in brackish waters. Understanding the genetic diversity in its populations from the hydrographical basins of Southern Benin is primordial before designing selective breeding programs. For this purpose, 202 samples collected from four rivers of Southern Benin and were genotyped using 15 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers. Each river was split up into three sampling sites. We found significant global linkage disequilibrium across the genome of natural populations of this tilapia species overall the loci. However, when the loci that display aberrant Wright's (FIS and FST) were removed from the data, a linkage disequilibrium was detected for the remaining 11 loci and became compatible with the null hypothesis. Null alleles explained at least 20.58% of FIS variation. We found a significant isolation by distance across subsamples. Effective population size averaged 210 individuals, with a range from 36 to 517 individuals. Assuming that 79% of heterozygote deficits are explained by sib mating lead to a rough estimate of rsm = 0.4 of mating rate between full sibs within S. melanotheron subpopulations. The fish size correlated positively and significantly with the observed FIS (r = 0.58; p value = 0.04806). Reproduction system (endogamy) in S. melanotheron could explain the strong heterozygote deficit observed. Our results provide technical guidance for efficient management of this tilapia species’ genetic resources for breeding programs in fresh and brackish waters.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the International Foundation for Science, Stockholm, Sweden, through a grant to T. Olivier Amoussou (Research Grant No. A/5861-1). T. Olivier Amoussou also benefited from the European Union through the HAAGRIM project (INTRA-ACP Academic Mobility Scheme) and the Government of France through SCAC “Service de Coopération et d’Action Culturelle” (No. 1947/SCAC/JFB and NO. 2015-987732/SCAC/JFB). The authors are grateful to the UEMOA “Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine” through the PAES/Tilapia-0808 project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), P.O. Box 01-454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso

    T. Olivier Amoussou, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo, Modou Séré & Aboubacar Toguyéni

  2. Research Unit in Aquaculture and Aquatic Biodiversity, Nazi Boni University, P.O. Box 01-1091, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso

    T. Olivier Amoussou & Aboubacar Toguyéni

  3. Laboratory of Animal Sciences and Meat Technologies, Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Abomey-Calavi, P.O. Box 01-2009, Cotonou, Benin

    T. Olivier Amoussou & Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim

  4. Research Unit in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box 123, Parakou, Benin

    Ibrahim Imorou Toko

  5. Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, P.O. Box 01-526, Cotonou, Benin

    Antoine Chikou

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  1. T. Olivier Amoussou
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  2. Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
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Correspondence to T. Olivier Amoussou.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors. The ethical approval for the use of fish in this study was sought and granted from CIRDES’ ethics committee (N/Réf: 04-2015/CE-CIRDES).

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Amoussou, T.O., Youssao Abdou Karim, I., Dayo, GK. et al. Genetic characterization of Benin’s wild populations of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rüppell, 1852. Mol Biol Rep 45, 1981–1994 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4354-x

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